Keyword: young adult
2018 (3)
EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment) in a growth restricted fetus with tracheal atresia. Gonzales, S., Goudy, S, Prickett, K, & Ellis, J Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 105:72–74, February, 2018.
![EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment) in a growth restricted fetus with tracheal atresia. [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) encompasses a heterogeneous group of pathologies leading to poor lung development and difficulty oxygenating the newborn after delivery. While previously uniformly fatal, the ex utero intrapartum therapy (EXIT) procedure has provided a method to treat these patients and provide an airway to potentiate survival. We present a patient diagnosed prenatally with CHAOS secondary to tracheal atresia complicated by severe intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) who was successfully delivered via an EXIT procedure at 33-weeks. Multidisciplinary care and planning is paramount.
@article{gonzales_exit_2018,
title = {{EXIT} (ex utero intrapartum treatment) in a growth restricted fetus with tracheal atresia.},
volume = {105},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29447823},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.12.010},
abstract = {Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) encompasses a heterogeneous group of pathologies leading to poor lung development and difficulty oxygenating the newborn after delivery. While previously uniformly fatal, the ex utero intrapartum therapy (EXIT) procedure has provided a method to treat these patients and provide an airway to potentiate survival. We present a patient diagnosed prenatally with CHAOS secondary to tracheal atresia complicated by severe intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) who was successfully delivered via an EXIT procedure at 33-weeks. Multidisciplinary care and planning is paramount.},
language = {eng},
journal = {Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol},
author = {Gonzales, SK and Goudy, S and Prickett, K and Ellis, J},
month = feb,
year = {2018},
keywords = {Young Adult},
pages = {72--74}
}Moral disapproval and perceived addiction to internet pornography: a longitudinal examination. Grubbs, J. B., Wilt, J. A., Exline, J. J., Pargament, K. I., & Kraus, S. W. Addiction, 113(3):496–506, April, 2018.
doi abstract bibtex 1 download
doi abstract bibtex 1 download
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Internet pornography use is an increasingly common, yet controversial, behavior. Whereas mental health communities are divided about potentially problematic use patterns, many lay people identify as feeling dysregulated or compulsive in their use. Prior work has labeled this tendency perceived addiction to internet pornography (PA). This study's aims were to (1) assess the association between PA at baseline and other factors, including actual levels of average daily pornography use and personality factors and (2) assess the associations between baseline variables and PA 1 year later. DESIGN: Two large-scale community samples were assessed using online survey methods, with subsets of each sample being recruited for follow-up surveys 1 year later. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were adults who had used pornography within the past 6 months recruited in two samples. Sample 1 (n = 1507) involved undergraduate students from three US universities and sample 2 (n = 782) involved web-using adults. Subsets of each sample (sample 1, n = 146; sample 2, n = 211) were surveyed again 1 year later. MEASUREMENTS: At baseline, we assessed average daily pornography use, PA and relevant predictors (e.g. trait neuroticism, trait self-control, trait entitlement, religiousness, moral disapproval of pornography use). One year later, we assessed PA. FINDINGS: Cross-sectionally, PA was correlated strongly with moral disapproval of pornography use [sample 1, Pearson's correlation: r = 0.68 (0.65, 0.70); sample 2, r = 0.58 (0.53, 0.63)]. Baseline moral disapproval [sample 1, r = 0.46 (0.33, 0.56); sample 2, r = 0.61 (0.51, 0.69)] and perceived addiction demonstrated relationships with perceived addiction 1 year later. We found inconclusive evidence of a substantial or significant association between pornography use and perceived addiction over time [sample 1, r = 0.13 (-0.02, 0.28); sample 2, r = 0.11 (-0.04, 0.25)]. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived addiction to internet pornography appears to be related strongly to moral scruples around pornography use, both concurrently and over time, rather than with the amount of daily pornography use itself.
@article{grubbs_moral_2018,
title = {Moral disapproval and perceived addiction to internet pornography: a longitudinal examination.},
volume = {113},
copyright = {(c) 2017 Society for the Study of Addiction.},
issn = {1360-0443 0965-2140},
doi = {10.1111/add.14007},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Internet pornography use is an increasingly common, yet controversial, behavior. Whereas mental health communities are divided about potentially problematic use patterns, many lay people identify as feeling dysregulated or compulsive in their use. Prior work has labeled this tendency perceived addiction to internet pornography (PA). This study's aims were to (1) assess the association between PA at baseline and other factors, including actual levels of average daily pornography use and personality factors and (2) assess the associations between baseline variables and PA 1 year later. DESIGN: Two large-scale community samples were assessed using online survey methods, with subsets of each sample being recruited for follow-up surveys 1 year later. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were adults who had used pornography within the past 6 months recruited in two samples. Sample 1 (n = 1507) involved undergraduate students from three US universities and sample 2 (n = 782) involved web-using adults. Subsets of each sample (sample 1, n = 146; sample 2, n = 211) were surveyed again 1 year later. MEASUREMENTS: At baseline, we assessed average daily pornography use, PA and relevant predictors (e.g. trait neuroticism, trait self-control, trait entitlement, religiousness, moral disapproval of pornography use). One year later, we assessed PA. FINDINGS: Cross-sectionally, PA was correlated strongly with moral disapproval of pornography use [sample 1, Pearson's correlation: r = 0.68 (0.65, 0.70); sample 2, r = 0.58 (0.53, 0.63)]. Baseline moral disapproval [sample 1, r = 0.46 (0.33, 0.56); sample 2, r = 0.61 (0.51, 0.69)] and perceived addiction demonstrated relationships with perceived addiction 1 year later. We found inconclusive evidence of a substantial or significant association between pornography use and perceived addiction over time [sample 1, r = 0.13 (-0.02, 0.28); sample 2, r = 0.11 (-0.04, 0.25)]. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived addiction to internet pornography appears to be related strongly to moral scruples around pornography use, both concurrently and over time, rather than with the amount of daily pornography use itself.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Addiction},
author = {Grubbs, Joshua B. and Wilt, Joshua A. and Exline, Julie J. and Pargament, Kenneth I. and Kraus, Shane W.},
month = apr,
year = {2018},
pmid = {28833800},
keywords = {*Attitude to Health, *Compulsive sexual behavior, *Morals, *personality, *pornography, *religion, *self-perception, *sexuality, *Social Norms, Adult, Attitude to Health, Behavior, Addictive, Behavior, Addictive/*psychology, Compulsive sexual behavior, Control (Psychology), CONTROL (Psychology), Cross Sectional Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Descriptive Statistics, Erotica, Erotica/*psychology, ETHICS, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Human, Humans, Internet, INTERNET pornography addiction, Internet Pornography Addiction -- Classification, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Morality, Morals, Multicenter Studies, No terms assigned, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, personality, Personality, PERSONALITY, pornography, Pornography, PORNOGRAPHY, PORNOGRAPHY -- Moral \& ethical aspects, Pornography -- Utilization, Prospective Studies, religion, Religion, self-perception, Self-Perception, self‐perception, Sexual Addiction, sexuality, Sexuality, Social Norms, Students, Students, Undergraduate, Students/psychology/statistics \& numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, UNITED States, Universities, Young Adult},
pages = {496--506},
file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/joshuab.grubbs/Library/CloudStorage/GoogleDrive-joshuagrubbsphd@gmail.com/My Drive/Manuscripts/Zotero/storage/EIR8JK5B/Grubbs et al. - Moral disapproval and perceived addiction to inter.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text PDF:/Users/joshuab.grubbs/Library/CloudStorage/GoogleDrive-joshuagrubbsphd@gmail.com/My Drive/Manuscripts/Zotero/storage/MCJ7KH6W/Grubbs et al. - 2018 - Moral disapproval and perceived addiction to inter.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/joshuab.grubbs/Library/CloudStorage/GoogleDrive-joshuagrubbsphd@gmail.com/My Drive/Manuscripts/Zotero/storage/6SFFEZ33/abstract.html:text/html;Snapshot:/Users/joshuab.grubbs/Library/CloudStorage/GoogleDrive-joshuagrubbsphd@gmail.com/My Drive/Manuscripts/Zotero/storage/B2BPPKVL/abstract.html:text/html},
}Correlates of Sexual Functioning and Relationship Satisfaction Among Men and Women Experiencing Chronic Pain. Finn, E., Morrison, T. G., & McGuire, B. E. Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.), 19(5):942–954, May, 2018.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Background: The aims of the study were to 1) examine the prevalence of sexual functioning difficulties in a chronic pain sample; 2) identify correlates of sexual functioning and relationship satisfaction utilizing pain variables (pain severity and pain interference) and psychological variables (mood, pain-related cognitions, self-efficacy, self-esteem, body-image); and 3) investigate possible sex differences in the correlates of sexual functioning and relationship satisfaction. Method: Two hundred sixty-nine participants were recruited online from chronic pain organizations, websites, social media sites, and discussion forums. Those who met criteria for inclusion were presented with a variety of measures related to pain, sexual functioning, and relationship satisfaction (for those in a relationship), as well as cognitive and affective variables. Results: Participant mean age was 37 years, and the majority were female, heterosexual, and currently in a relationship. High levels of pain severity and interference from pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, stress, and body image concerns were reported, along with low levels of self-esteem and pain self-efficacy. In addition, substantial proportions of male (43%) and female (48%) respondents had scores indicative of sexual problems. Exploratory hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, for women, age and relationship satisfaction (which were both treated as covariates) as well as depression emerged as statistically significant correlates of sexual functioning (i.e., women who were older and reported greater levels of depression and less satisfaction with their current relationship indicated poorer sexual functioning). When relationship satisfaction was the criterion measure, age and sexual functioning (again, treated as covariates) and perceived stress emerged as significant (i.e., women who were older, reported poorer sexual functioning, and reported greater perceived stress also indicated being less satisfied with their current relationship). For male participants, age emerged as the only statistically significant correlate of sexual functioning (i.e., older men reported poorer functioning). In terms of relationship satisfaction, self-esteem was the lone significant correlate variable (men who reported lower self-esteem also were less satisfied with their current relationship). Conclusions: Some sex differences were evident in the variables that predict sexual difficulties and relationship satisfaction among those suffering from chronic pain. Of note is that when psychological variables were considered, pain-specific physical variables (e.g., pain severity and activity limitations) accounted for very little additional variance.
@article{finn_correlates_2018,
title = {Correlates of {Sexual} {Functioning} and {Relationship} {Satisfaction} {Among} {Men} and {Women} {Experiencing} {Chronic} {Pain}},
volume = {19},
issn = {1526-4637},
doi = {10.1093/pm/pnx056},
abstract = {Background: The aims of the study were to 1) examine the prevalence of sexual functioning difficulties in a chronic pain sample; 2) identify correlates of sexual functioning and relationship satisfaction utilizing pain variables (pain severity and pain interference) and psychological variables (mood, pain-related cognitions, self-efficacy, self-esteem, body-image); and 3) investigate possible sex differences in the correlates of sexual functioning and relationship satisfaction.
Method: Two hundred sixty-nine participants were recruited online from chronic pain organizations, websites, social media sites, and discussion forums. Those who met criteria for inclusion were presented with a variety of measures related to pain, sexual functioning, and relationship satisfaction (for those in a relationship), as well as cognitive and affective variables.
Results: Participant mean age was 37 years, and the majority were female, heterosexual, and currently in a relationship. High levels of pain severity and interference from pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, stress, and body image concerns were reported, along with low levels of self-esteem and pain self-efficacy. In addition, substantial proportions of male (43\%) and female (48\%) respondents had scores indicative of sexual problems. Exploratory hierarchical regression analyses revealed that, for women, age and relationship satisfaction (which were both treated as covariates) as well as depression emerged as statistically significant correlates of sexual functioning (i.e., women who were older and reported greater levels of depression and less satisfaction with their current relationship indicated poorer sexual functioning). When relationship satisfaction was the criterion measure, age and sexual functioning (again, treated as covariates) and perceived stress emerged as significant (i.e., women who were older, reported poorer sexual functioning, and reported greater perceived stress also indicated being less satisfied with their current relationship). For male participants, age emerged as the only statistically significant correlate of sexual functioning (i.e., older men reported poorer functioning). In terms of relationship satisfaction, self-esteem was the lone significant correlate variable (men who reported lower self-esteem also were less satisfied with their current relationship).
Conclusions: Some sex differences were evident in the variables that predict sexual difficulties and relationship satisfaction among those suffering from chronic pain. Of note is that when psychological variables were considered, pain-specific physical variables (e.g., pain severity and activity limitations) accounted for very little additional variance.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.)},
author = {Finn, Erica and Morrison, Todd G. and McGuire, Brian E.},
month = may,
year = {2018},
pmid = {29741742},
keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Chronic Pain, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Self Concept, Self Efficacy, Sex Factors, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Partners, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult},
pages = {942--954},
}2017 (8)
Systematic Review of Interventions to Reduce Psychiatric Morbidity in Parents and Children After PICU Admissions. Baker S.C. & Gledhill J.A. 2017.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex OBJECTIVE:: To describe and evaluate interventions aimed at reducing psychiatric morbidity in parents and children discharged from PICU. DATA SOURCES:: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken, searching EMBASE, PSYCHinfo, MEDLINE, and CINAHL. Experts in the field were contacted to identify unpublished studies. STUDY SELECTION:: Exclusion criteria: Studies with participants above age 18 or drawn from a neonatal ICU, studies not in English, and those not measuring psychopathology. DATA EXTRACTION:: Seven hundred fifty-three articles initially identified were hand searched which identified three studies, with a further three studies found by contacting experts in the field. Of these, three were randomized controlled trials and three feasibility studies. DATA SYNTHESIS:: The interventions primarily targeted parents (particularly mothers), with the aim of reducing psychopathology especially posttraumatic stress disorder. Findings from these few studies demonstrated that interventions can lead to a reduction in parent and child psychopathology. Key ingredients of these interventions included psychoeducation, parent support after discharge, offering intervention to those families at high risk of developing psychopathology as identified by screening at the point of discharge, follow-up of all families with the aim of case finding, and specific interventions to target posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS:: Intervention studies are few but do lead to reductions in parent and child psychopathology. There is sufficient information to suggest some of these interventions could be supported and further evaluated. Copyright ©2017The Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies
@misc{baker_s.c._systematic_2017,
title = {Systematic {Review} of {Interventions} to {Reduce} {Psychiatric} {Morbidity} in {Parents} and {Children} {After} {PICU} {Admissions}},
url = {http://journals.lww.com/pccmjournal},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE:: To describe and evaluate interventions aimed at reducing psychiatric morbidity in parents and children discharged from PICU. DATA SOURCES:: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken, searching EMBASE, PSYCHinfo, MEDLINE, and CINAHL. Experts in the field were contacted to identify unpublished studies. STUDY SELECTION:: Exclusion criteria: Studies with participants above age 18 or drawn from a neonatal ICU, studies not in English, and those not measuring psychopathology. DATA EXTRACTION:: Seven hundred fifty-three articles initially identified were hand searched which identified three studies, with a further three studies found by contacting experts in the field. Of these, three were randomized controlled trials and three feasibility studies. DATA SYNTHESIS:: The interventions primarily targeted parents (particularly mothers), with the aim of reducing psychopathology especially posttraumatic stress disorder. Findings from these few studies demonstrated that interventions can lead to a reduction in parent and child psychopathology. Key ingredients of these interventions included psychoeducation, parent support after discharge, offering intervention to those families at high risk of developing psychopathology as identified by screening at the point of discharge, follow-up of all families with the aim of case finding, and specific interventions to target posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS:: Intervention studies are few but do lead to reductions in parent and child psychopathology. There is sufficient information to suggest some of these interventions could be supported and further evaluated. Copyright ©2017The Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies},
journal = {Pediatric Critical Care Medicine},
author = {{Baker S.C.} and {Gledhill J.A.}},
year = {2017},
keywords = {*morbidity, *psychiatric intensive care unit, Child, Cinahl, Embase, Medline, Neonatal intensive care unit, PsycINFO, adult, case finding, controlled study, family study, feasibility study, female, follow up, human, intervention study, mental disease, mother, newborn, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychoeducation, screening, systematic review, young adult}
}The thoracic duct and the Fontan patient. Sung, C, Bass, J., Berry, J., Shepard, C., Lindgren, B, & Kochilas, L. Echocardiography, 34(9):1347–1352, September, 2017.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: Ultrasound imaging of adults with heart failure and increased central venous pressure (CVP) has shown significant thoracic duct (TD) dilation from impedance in lymphatic drainage. Elevated CVP and abnormal lymphatic drainage are implicated in severe Fontan complications, including protein losing enteropathy (PLE) and plastic bronchitis (PB). Systematic studies of TD and lymphatic circulation in children are limited, and their cervical TD normative values have not been established. METHODS: Thoracic duct imaging was attempted prospectively during routine echocardiograms performed 7/2014-9/2016 in children 5-21 years old with normal cardiovascular physiology and Fontan palliation. TD insertion to the central venous system (lympho-venous junction) was assessed with an S12-4 MHz transducer. For the first 34 patients, only TD ostia were measured, but ostium shape variability at the lympho-venous junction led to including the TD arch 5-10 mm proximal to the ostium for the remaining cohort. RESULTS: Seventy-nine total subjects were studied: 58 controls, 13 Fontan patients with normal systemic ventricular ejection fraction (EF) (\textgreater50%), and 8 Fontan patients with decreased EF (≤50%). Combined Fontan subjects had larger TD ostial diameters compared to controls when normalized by body surface area (median 2.6 mm/m2 vs. 2 mm/m2 ) (P=.04). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study of ultrasonographic TD imaging in children. Fontan patients have larger TD diameters, reflecting the impaired lymphatic circulation in patients with this physiology. Further research may provide important associations between sonographic TD features with the functional status of patients with Fontan circulation.
@article{sung_thoracic_2017,
title = {The thoracic duct and the {Fontan} patient.},
volume = {34},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28833533},
doi = {10.1111/echo.13639},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ultrasound imaging of adults with heart failure and increased central venous pressure (CVP) has shown significant thoracic duct (TD) dilation from impedance in lymphatic drainage. Elevated CVP and abnormal lymphatic drainage are implicated in severe Fontan complications, including protein losing enteropathy (PLE) and plastic bronchitis (PB). Systematic studies of TD and lymphatic circulation in children are limited, and their cervical TD normative values have not been established. METHODS: Thoracic duct imaging was attempted prospectively during routine echocardiograms performed 7/2014-9/2016 in children 5-21 years old with normal cardiovascular physiology and Fontan palliation. TD insertion to the central venous system (lympho-venous junction) was assessed with an S12-4 MHz transducer. For the first 34 patients, only TD ostia were measured, but ostium shape variability at the lympho-venous junction led to including the TD arch 5-10 mm proximal to the ostium for the remaining cohort. RESULTS: Seventy-nine total subjects were studied: 58 controls, 13 Fontan patients with normal systemic ventricular ejection fraction (EF) ({\textgreater}50\%), and 8 Fontan patients with decreased EF (≤50\%). Combined Fontan subjects had larger TD ostial diameters compared to controls when normalized by body surface area (median 2.6 mm/m2 vs. 2 mm/m2 ) (P=.04). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study of ultrasonographic TD imaging in children. Fontan patients have larger TD diameters, reflecting the impaired lymphatic circulation in patients with this physiology. Further research may provide important associations between sonographic TD features with the functional status of patients with Fontan circulation.},
language = {eng},
number = {9},
journal = {Echocardiography},
author = {Sung, C and Bass, JL and Berry, JM and Shepard, CW and Lindgren, B and Kochilas, LK},
month = sep,
year = {2017},
keywords = {Young Adult},
pages = {1347--1352}
}Clinical outcomes of extended versus intermittent administration of piperacillin/tazobactam for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial. Bao, H, Lv, Y, Wang, D, Xue, J, & Yan, Z European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 36(3):459--466, 2017. Bao, H. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. Bao, H. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. Lv, Y. Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. Lv, Y. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. Wang, D. Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. Wang, D. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. Xue, J. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. Xue, J. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. Yan, Z. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. zhao.yan0219@hotmail.com. Yan, Z. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. zhao.yan0219@hotmail.com.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
The purpose of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics, clinical efficiency, and pharmacoeconomic parameters of piperacillin/tazobactam administered by extended infusion (EI) or intermittent infusion (II) in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in critically ill patients with low illness severity in China. Fifty patients completed the study, with 25 patients receiving 4/0.5 g piperacillin/tazobactam over 30 min as the II group and 25 patients receiving 4/0.5 g piperacillin/tazobactam over 3 h every 6 h as the EI group. Drug assay was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The percentage of the dosing interval for which the free piperacillin concentration (%fT) exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated. The patients' therapy cost, clinical efficiency, and adverse effects were also recorded. %fT\textgreaterMIC was about 100, 98.73, and 93.04 % in the EI arm versus 81.48, 53.29, and 42.15 % in the II arm, respectively, when the microorganism responsible for HAP had an MIC of 4, 8, and 16 mg/L. The therapy cost in the EI group was lower than that of the II group (\$1351.72+/-120.39 vs. \$1782.04+/-164.51, p=0.001). However, the clinical success rate, clinical failure rate, and drug-related adverse events did not significantly differ between groups. EI treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam was a cost-effective approach to the management of HAP, being equally clinically effective to conventional II.
@article{bao_clinical_2017-1,
title = {Clinical outcomes of extended versus intermittent administration of piperacillin/tazobactam for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial.},
volume = {36},
issn = {1435-4373},
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics, clinical efficiency, and pharmacoeconomic parameters of piperacillin/tazobactam administered by extended infusion (EI) or intermittent infusion (II) in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in critically ill patients with low illness severity in China. Fifty patients completed the study, with 25 patients receiving 4/0.5 g piperacillin/tazobactam over 30 min as the II group and 25 patients receiving 4/0.5 g piperacillin/tazobactam over 3 h every 6 h as the EI group. Drug assay was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The percentage of the dosing interval for which the free piperacillin concentration (\%fT) exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated. The patients' therapy cost, clinical efficiency, and adverse effects were also recorded. \%fT{\textgreater}MIC was about 100, 98.73, and 93.04 \% in the EI arm versus 81.48, 53.29, and 42.15 \% in the II arm, respectively, when the microorganism responsible for HAP had an MIC of 4, 8, and 16 mg/L. The therapy cost in the EI group was lower than that of the II group (\$1351.72+/-120.39 vs. \$1782.04+/-164.51, p=0.001). However, the clinical success rate, clinical failure rate, and drug-related adverse events did not significantly differ between groups. EI treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam was a cost-effective approach to the management of HAP, being equally clinically effective to conventional II.},
number = {3},
journal = {European journal of clinical microbiology \& infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology},
author = {Bao, H and Lv, Y and Wang, D and Xue, J and Yan, Z},
year = {2017},
note = {Bao, H. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Bao, H. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Lv, Y. Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Lv, Y. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Wang, D. Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Wang, D. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Xue, J. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Xue, J. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Yan, Z. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. zhao.yan0219@hotmail.com.
Yan, Z. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. zhao.yan0219@hotmail.com.},
keywords = {*Anti-Bacterial Agents/ad [Administration \& Dosage], *Cross Infection/dt [Drug Therapy], *Penicillanic Acid/aa [Analogs \& Derivatives], *Pneumonia, Bacterial/dt [Drug Therapy], *beta-Lactamase Inhibitors/ad [Administration \& Dosage], Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents/ec [Economics], Anti-Bacterial Agents/pd [Pharmacology], Anti-Bacterial Agents/pk [Pharmacokinetics], China, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Costs and Cost Analysis, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous/ec [Economics], Infusions, Intravenous/mt [Methods], Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Penicillanic Acid/ad [Administration \& Dosage], Penicillanic Acid/ec [Economics], Penicillanic Acid/pd [Pharmacology], Penicillanic Acid/pk [Pharmacokinetics], Piperacillin/ad [Administration \& Dosage], Piperacillin/ec [Economics], Piperacillin/pd [Pharmacology], Piperacillin/pk [Pharmacokinetics], Plasma/ch [Chemistry], adolescent, adult, aged, beta-Lactamase Inhibitors/ec [Economics], beta-Lactamase Inhibitors/pd [Pharmacology], beta-Lactamase Inhibitors/pk [Pharmacokinetics], critical illness, female, male, middle aged, treatment outcome, young adult},
pages = {459--466}
}Neural Markers in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Familial Risk for Bipolar Disorder. Wiggins, J. L., Brotman, M. A., Adleman, N. E., Kim, P., Wambach, C. G., Reynolds, R. C., Chen, G., Towbin, K., Pine, D. S., & Leibenluft, E. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(1):67--78, January, 2017. 00004
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder (BD) is highly heritable. Neuroimaging studies comparing unaffected youth at high familial risk for BD (i.e., those with a first-degree relative with the disorder; termed "high-risk" [HR]) to "low-risk" (LR) youth (i.e., those without a first-degree relative with BD) and to patients with BD may help identify potential brain-based markers associated with risk (i.e., regions where HR+BD≠LR), resilience (HR≠BD+LR), or illness (BD≠HR+LR). METHOD: During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 99 youths (i.e., adolescents and young adults) aged 9.8 to 24.8 years (36 BD, 22 HR, 41 LR) performed a task probing face emotion labeling, previously shown to be impaired behaviorally in youth with BD and HR youth. RESULTS: We found three patterns of results. Candidate risk endophenotypes (i.e., where BD and HR shared deficits) included dysfunction in higher-order face processing regions (e.g., middle temporal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Candidate resilience markers and disorder sequelae (where HR and BD, respectively, show unique alterations relative to the other two groups) included different patterns of neural responses across other regions mediating face processing (e.g., fusiform), executive function (e.g., inferior frontal gyrus), and social cognition (e.g., default network, superior temporal sulcus, temporo-parietal junction). CONCLUSION: If replicated in longitudinal studies and with additional populations, neural patterns suggesting risk endophenotypes could be used to identify individuals at risk for BD who may benefit from prevention measures. Moreover, information about risk and resilience markers could be used to develop novel treatments that recruit neural markers of resilience and attenuate neural patterns associated with risk. Clinical trial registration information-Studies of Brain Function and Course of Illness in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Child and Adolescent Bipolar Disorder Brain Imaging and Treatment Study; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00025935 and NCT00006177.
@article{wiggins_neural_2017,
title = {Neural {Markers} in {Pediatric} {Bipolar} {Disorder} and {Familial} {Risk} for {Bipolar} {Disorder}},
volume = {56},
issn = {1527-5418},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.009},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder (BD) is highly heritable. Neuroimaging studies comparing unaffected youth at high familial risk for BD (i.e., those with a first-degree relative with the disorder; termed "high-risk" [HR]) to "low-risk" (LR) youth (i.e., those without a first-degree relative with BD) and to patients with BD may help identify potential brain-based markers associated with risk (i.e., regions where HR+BD≠LR), resilience (HR≠BD+LR), or illness (BD≠HR+LR).
METHOD: During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 99 youths (i.e., adolescents and young adults) aged 9.8 to 24.8 years (36 BD, 22 HR, 41 LR) performed a task probing face emotion labeling, previously shown to be impaired behaviorally in youth with BD and HR youth.
RESULTS: We found three patterns of results. Candidate risk endophenotypes (i.e., where BD and HR shared deficits) included dysfunction in higher-order face processing regions (e.g., middle temporal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Candidate resilience markers and disorder sequelae (where HR and BD, respectively, show unique alterations relative to the other two groups) included different patterns of neural responses across other regions mediating face processing (e.g., fusiform), executive function (e.g., inferior frontal gyrus), and social cognition (e.g., default network, superior temporal sulcus, temporo-parietal junction).
CONCLUSION: If replicated in longitudinal studies and with additional populations, neural patterns suggesting risk endophenotypes could be used to identify individuals at risk for BD who may benefit from prevention measures. Moreover, information about risk and resilience markers could be used to develop novel treatments that recruit neural markers of resilience and attenuate neural patterns associated with risk. Clinical trial registration information-Studies of Brain Function and Course of Illness in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Child and Adolescent Bipolar Disorder Brain Imaging and Treatment Study; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00025935 and NCT00006177.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
author = {Wiggins, Jillian Lee and Brotman, Melissa A. and Adleman, Nancy E. and Kim, Pilyoung and Wambach, Caroline G. and Reynolds, Richard C. and Chen, Gang and Towbin, Kenneth and Pine, Daniel S. and Leibenluft, Ellen},
month = jan,
year = {2017},
pmid = {27993231},
note = {00004 },
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Bipolar Disorder, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Emotions, Endophenotypes, Facial Recognition, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Risk, Social Perception, Young Adult, adolescence, bipolar, brain, endophenotype, risk},
pages = {67--78}
}Complication-related removal of totally implantable venous access port systems: Does the interval between placement and first use and the neutropenia-inducing potential of chemotherapy regimens influence their incidence? A four-year prospective study of 4045 patients. Kakkos, A., Bresson, L., Hudry, D., Cousin, S., Lervat, C., Bogart, E., Meurant, J. P., El Bedoui, S., Decanter, G., Hannebicque, K., Regis, C., Hamdani, A., Penel, N., Tresch-Bruneel, E., & Narducci, F. Eur J Surg Oncol, 43(4):689–695, 2017.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: Totally implantable venous access port systems are widely used in oncology, with frequent complications that sometimes necessitate device removal. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the time interval between port placement and initiation of chemotherapy and the neutropenia-inducing potential of the chemotherapy administered upon complication-related port removal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2010 and December 2013, 4045 consecutive patients were included in this observational, single-center prospective study. The chemotherapy regimens were classified as having a low (\textbackslashtextbackslashtextless10%), intermediate (10-20%), or high (\textbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater20%) risk for inducing neutropenia. RESULTS: The overall removal rate due to complications was 7.2%. Among them, port-related infection (2.5%) and port expulsion (1%) were the most frequent. The interval between port insertion and its first use was shown to be a predictive factor for complication-related removal rates. A cut-off of 6 days was statistically significant (p = 0.008), as the removal rate for complications was 9.4% when this interval was 0-5 days and 5.7% when it was \textbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater/=6 days. Another factor associated with port complication rate was the neutropenia-inducing potential of the chemotherapy regimens used, with removal for complications involved in 5.5% of low-risk regimens versus 9.4% for the intermediate- and high-risk regimens (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: An interval of 6 days between placement and first use of the port reduces the removal rate from complications. The intermediate- and high-risk for neutropenia chemotherapy regimens are related to higher port removal rates from complications than low-risk regimens.
@article{kakkos_complication-related_2017,
title = {Complication-related removal of totally implantable venous access port systems: {Does} the interval between placement and first use and the neutropenia-inducing potential of chemotherapy regimens influence their incidence? {A} four-year prospective study of 4045 patients},
volume = {43},
issn = {1532-2157 (Electronic) 0748-7983 (Linking)},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27889197},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejso.2016.10.020},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Totally implantable venous access port systems are widely used in oncology, with frequent complications that sometimes necessitate device removal. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the time interval between port placement and initiation of chemotherapy and the neutropenia-inducing potential of the chemotherapy administered upon complication-related port removal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2010 and December 2013, 4045 consecutive patients were included in this observational, single-center prospective study. The chemotherapy regimens were classified as having a low ({\textbackslash}textbackslashtextless10\%), intermediate (10-20\%), or high ({\textbackslash}textbackslashtextgreater20\%) risk for inducing neutropenia. RESULTS: The overall removal rate due to complications was 7.2\%. Among them, port-related infection (2.5\%) and port expulsion (1\%) were the most frequent. The interval between port insertion and its first use was shown to be a predictive factor for complication-related removal rates. A cut-off of 6 days was statistically significant (p = 0.008), as the removal rate for complications was 9.4\% when this interval was 0-5 days and 5.7\% when it was {\textbackslash}textbackslashtextgreater/=6 days. Another factor associated with port complication rate was the neutropenia-inducing potential of the chemotherapy regimens used, with removal for complications involved in 5.5\% of low-risk regimens versus 9.4\% for the intermediate- and high-risk regimens (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: An interval of 6 days between placement and first use of the port reduces the removal rate from complications. The intermediate- and high-risk for neutropenia chemotherapy regimens are related to higher port removal rates from complications than low-risk regimens.},
number = {4},
journal = {Eur J Surg Oncol},
author = {Kakkos, A. and Bresson, L. and Hudry, D. and Cousin, S. and Lervat, C. and Bogart, E. and Meurant, J. P. and El Bedoui, S. and Decanter, G. and Hannebicque, K. and Regis, C. and Hamdani, A. and Penel, N. and Tresch-Bruneel, E. and Narducci, F.},
year = {2017},
keywords = {*Vascular Access Devices, 80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*adverse effects, Catheter Obstruction/statistics \& numerical data, Catheter-Related Infections/*epidemiology, Child, Device Removal/*statistics \& numerical data, Equipment Failure/*statistics \& numerical data, Female, Foreign-Body Migration/*epidemiology, Hematoma/epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Neoplasms/*drug therapy, Neutropenia/chemically induced, Postoperative Complications/*epidemiology, Preschool, Prospective Studies, Prosthesis Implantation, Thrombosis/epidemiology, Young Adult},
pages = {689--695},
}Intrasubtype B HIV-1 Superinfection Correlates with Delayed Neutralizing Antibody Response. Wagner, G. A., Landais, E., Caballero, G., Phung, P., Kosakovsky Pond, S. L., Poignard, P., Richman, D. D., Little, S. J., & Smith, D. M. Journal of Virology, 2017.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Understanding whether the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response impacts HIV-1 superinfection and how superinfection subsequently modulates the NAb response can help clarify correlates of protection from HIV exposures and better delineate pathways of NAb development. We examined associations between the development of NAb and the occurrence of superinfection in a well-characterized, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive, primary infection cohort of men who have sex with men. Deep sequencing was applied to blood plasma samples from the cohort to detect cases of superinfection. We compared the NAb activity against autologous and heterologous viruses between 10 participants with intrasubtype B superinfection and 19 monoinfected controls, matched to duration of infection and risk behavior. Three to 6 months after primary infection, individuals who would later become superinfected had significantly weaker NAb activity against tier 1 subtype B viruses (P = 0.003 for SF-162 and P = 0.017 for NL4-3) and marginally against autologous virus (P = 0.054). Lower presuperinfection NAb responses correlated with weaker gp120 binding and lower plasma total IgG titers. Soon after superinfection, the NAb response remained lower, but between 2 and 3 years after primary infection, NAb levels strengthened and reached those of controls. Superinfecting viruses were typically not susceptible to neutralization by presuperinfection plasma. These observations suggest that recently infected individuals with a delayed NAb response against primary infecting and tier 1 subtype B viruses are more susceptible to superinfection.IMPORTANCE Our findings suggest that within the first year after HIV infection, a relatively weak neutralizing antibody response against primary and subtype-specific neutralization-sensitive viruses increases susceptibility to superinfection in the face of repeated exposures. As natural infection progresses, the immune response strengthens significantly in some superinfected individuals. These findings will inform HIV vaccine design by providing testable correlates of protection from initial HIV infection.
@article{wagner_intrasubtype_2017,
title = {Intrasubtype {B} {HIV}-1 {Superinfection} {Correlates} with {Delayed} {Neutralizing} {Antibody} {Response}},
volume = {91},
issn = {1098-5514},
doi = {10.1128/JVI.00475-17},
abstract = {Understanding whether the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response impacts HIV-1 superinfection and how superinfection subsequently modulates the NAb response can help clarify correlates of protection from HIV exposures and better delineate pathways of NAb development. We examined associations between the development of NAb and the occurrence of superinfection in a well-characterized, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive, primary infection cohort of men who have sex with men. Deep sequencing was applied to blood plasma samples from the cohort to detect cases of superinfection. We compared the NAb activity against autologous and heterologous viruses between 10 participants with intrasubtype B superinfection and 19 monoinfected controls, matched to duration of infection and risk behavior. Three to 6 months after primary infection, individuals who would later become superinfected had significantly weaker NAb activity against tier 1 subtype B viruses (P = 0.003 for SF-162 and P = 0.017 for NL4-3) and marginally against autologous virus (P = 0.054). Lower presuperinfection NAb responses correlated with weaker gp120 binding and lower plasma total IgG titers. Soon after superinfection, the NAb response remained lower, but between 2 and 3 years after primary infection, NAb levels strengthened and reached those of controls. Superinfecting viruses were typically not susceptible to neutralization by presuperinfection plasma. These observations suggest that recently infected individuals with a delayed NAb response against primary infecting and tier 1 subtype B viruses are more susceptible to superinfection.IMPORTANCE Our findings suggest that within the first year after HIV infection, a relatively weak neutralizing antibody response against primary and subtype-specific neutralization-sensitive viruses increases susceptibility to superinfection in the face of repeated exposures. As natural infection progresses, the immune response strengthens significantly in some superinfected individuals. These findings will inform HIV vaccine design by providing testable correlates of protection from initial HIV infection.},
language = {eng},
number = {17},
journal = {Journal of Virology},
author = {Wagner, Gabriel A. and Landais, Elise and Caballero, Gemma and Phung, Pham and Kosakovsky Pond, Sergei L. and Poignard, Pascal and Richman, Douglas D. and Little, Susan J. and Smith, Davey M.},
year = {2017},
pmid = {28615205},
pmcid = {PMC5553187},
keywords = {Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing, California, Case-Control Studies, HIV Antibodies, HIV Envelope Protein gp120, HIV Infections, HIV dual infection, HIV superinfection, HIV-1, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Male, Neutralization Tests, Superinfection, Young Adult, deep sequencing, neutralizing antibodies, neutralizing antibody, vaccine},
}The Use of Automated Electronic Alerts in Studying Short-Term Outcomes Associated with Community-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury. Hazara, A., Elgaali, M., Naudeer, S., Holding, S., & Bhandari, S. Nephron, 135(3):181–188, 2017.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Background/Aims: The use of electronic alerts (e-alerts) may increase the detection rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) since they are sensitive to small changes in serum creatinine. Our aim was to follow-up a cohort of patients presenting to hospital from the community with AKI (community-acquired AKI [c-AKI]), detected through the use of e-alerts, and describe their short-term outcomes regardless of whether they were subsequently admitted to hospital. Methods: Blood samples for all hospital attenders from the community either to the Accidents and Emergency department or one of the acute care areas of the hospital during a 6-month period (November 1, 2013-April 30, 2014) were screened for presence of c-AKI using a locally developed e-alerts system based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Follow-up data were obtained for a period of 3 months. Results: A total of 1,277 c-AKI episodes were identified in 1,185 patients (incidence 579 per 100,000 persons). Episodes that lead to hospitalization (n = 1,096 [86%]) were associated with a median length of hospital stay of 6.6 days; a graded increase in duration of stay was noted with increasing severity of AKI. Acute dialysis was needed during 21 (1.6%) episodes. For mortality rates, only the first AKI episode was considered. There were 298 deaths within 30 days of diagnosis irrespective of admissions status (30-day mortality rate: 25%). Conclusions: Using e-alerts in acute care settings to detect c-AKI is novel and may be used to stage and follow-up AKI using existing diagnostic criteria. c-AKI is relatively common and leads to significant mortality. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.
@article{hazara_use_2017,
title = {The {Use} of {Automated} {Electronic} {Alerts} in {Studying} {Short}-{Term} {Outcomes} {Associated} with {Community}-{Acquired} {Acute} {Kidney} {Injury}},
volume = {135},
doi = {10.1159/000454779},
abstract = {Background/Aims: The use of electronic alerts (e-alerts) may increase the detection rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) since they are sensitive to small changes in serum creatinine. Our aim was to follow-up a cohort of patients presenting to hospital from the community with AKI (community-acquired AKI [c-AKI]), detected through the use of e-alerts, and describe their short-term outcomes regardless of whether they were subsequently admitted to hospital. Methods: Blood samples for all hospital attenders from the community either to the Accidents and Emergency department or one of the acute care areas of the hospital during a 6-month period (November 1, 2013-April 30, 2014) were screened for presence of c-AKI using a locally developed e-alerts system based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Follow-up data were obtained for a period of 3 months. Results: A total of 1,277 c-AKI episodes were identified in 1,185 patients (incidence 579 per 100,000 persons). Episodes that lead to hospitalization (n = 1,096 [86\%]) were associated with a median length of hospital stay of 6.6 days; a graded increase in duration of stay was noted with increasing severity of AKI. Acute dialysis was needed during 21 (1.6\%) episodes. For mortality rates, only the first AKI episode was considered. There were 298 deaths within 30 days of diagnosis irrespective of admissions status (30-day mortality rate: 25\%). Conclusions: Using e-alerts in acute care settings to detect c-AKI is novel and may be used to stage and follow-up AKI using existing diagnostic criteria. c-AKI is relatively common and leads to significant mortality. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.},
number = {3},
journal = {Nephron},
author = {Hazara, A.M. and Elgaali, M. and Naudeer, S. and Holding, S. and Bhandari, S.},
year = {2017},
keywords = {Acute Kidney Injury, Acute kidney injury, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Automation, Community Health Services, Community-acquired, Creatinine, E-alerts, Epidemiology, Female, Humans, Laboratory Critical Values, Length of Stay, Length of hospital stay, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Outcome, Patient Admission, Renal Replacement Therapy, Telecommunications, Young Adult},
pages = {181--188}
}Evaluating Services at a Major Trauma Center Before Helipad Construction. Wong, D. J. N., Bedford, J. R., Luck, S., & Bloomer, R. Air medical journal, 36(1):34–36, February, 2017.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
INTRODUCTION: Two of the 4 hospitals designated as major trauma centers in London, UK, currently operate on-site helicopter landing pads. King's College Hospital (KCH) is constructing a third. We evaluate current trauma services at King's College Hospital, before the helipad entering service, establishing baseline workload and mortality measures. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients admitted January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2015, to KCH after major trauma with on-scene helicopter emergency medical services involvement (N = 427) using the Trauma Audit and Research Network database. RESULTS: The median Injury Severity Score of the cohort was 22 (interquartile range [IQR], 13-30). The median length of stay was 11 days (IQR, 5-24). Fifty-seven percent of the patients received intensive care unit (ICU) admission, with a median ICU length of stay (LOS) of 5 days (IQR, 2-12) in this subgroup. There was no significant difference in Injury Severity Score, LOS, or ICU LOS between 2014 and 2015. One hundred ninety-three patients (45.2%) underwent \textgreater/= 1 operation, accounting for 1,276.5 hours of operating room time in total. Cox proportional hazards regression showed no difference in survival outcomes between 2014 and 2015. CONCLUSION: Baseline workload and mortality measures were obtained, forming the basis of future service evaluation to assess the impact of helipad construction.
@article{wong_evaluating_2017,
title = {Evaluating {Services} at a {Major} {Trauma} {Center} {Before} {Helipad} {Construction}.},
volume = {36},
copyright = {Copyright (c) 2016 Air Medical Journal Associates. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
issn = {1532-6497 1067-991X},
doi = {10.1016/j.amj.2016.11.007},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Two of the 4 hospitals designated as major trauma centers in London, UK, currently operate on-site helicopter landing pads. King's College Hospital (KCH) is constructing a third. We evaluate current trauma services at King's College Hospital, before the helipad entering service, establishing baseline workload and mortality measures. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients admitted January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2015, to KCH after major trauma with on-scene helicopter emergency medical services involvement (N = 427) using the Trauma Audit and Research Network database. RESULTS: The median Injury Severity Score of the cohort was 22 (interquartile range [IQR], 13-30). The median length of stay was 11 days (IQR, 5-24). Fifty-seven percent of the patients received intensive care unit (ICU) admission, with a median ICU length of stay (LOS) of 5 days (IQR, 2-12) in this subgroup. There was no significant difference in Injury Severity Score, LOS, or ICU LOS between 2014 and 2015. One hundred ninety-three patients (45.2\%) underwent {\textgreater}/= 1 operation, accounting for 1,276.5 hours of operating room time in total. Cox proportional hazards regression showed no difference in survival outcomes between 2014 and 2015. CONCLUSION: Baseline workload and mortality measures were obtained, forming the basis of future service evaluation to assess the impact of helipad construction.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {Air medical journal},
author = {Wong, Danny Jon Nian and Bedford, James Robert and Luck, Simon and Bloomer, Roger},
month = feb,
year = {2017},
pmid = {28089060},
keywords = {*Air Ambulances, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Female, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Length of Stay/statistics \& numerical data, London, Male, Middle Aged, Operative Time, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, Survival Analysis, Trauma Centers/*statistics \& numerical data, Young Adult},
pages = {34--36},
}2016 (7)
Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity among adults in Tehran: Findings from the Urban HEART Study-2. Kiadaliri, A. A., Asadi-Lari, M., Kalantari, N., Jafari, M., Vaez Mahdavi, M. R., & Faghihzadeh, S. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 10 Suppl 1:S57–S63, September, 2016.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Iran. Previous studies showed mixed results in relation to association between socioeconomic status and obesity in the country. The current study aimed to examine educational inequalities among adults in Tehran in 2011. METHOD: Data on 90,435 persons 18 years and older from Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART-2) were analyzed. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were used for assessing educational inequalities in obesity. These measures were quantified using generalized linear models for the binomial family adjusted for sex and age. Subgroup analysis was conducted across sex, age groups and the 22 districts of Tehran. RESULTS: Both SII and RII showed substantial educational inequalities in obesity in favour of more educated adults [RII and SII (95% CI were equal to 2.91 (2.71-3.11) and 0.12 (0.12-0.13)), respectively]. These educational inequalities were persistent even after adjusting for employment, marital status and smoking. Subgroup analysis revealed that educational inequalities were more profound among women. While among men educational inequalities were generally increasing with age, an inverse trend was observed among women. Educational inequalities were observed within all 22 districts of Tehran and generally there were no statistically significant differences between districts. CONCLUSION: An inverse association between education and obesity was observed in the current study. To decrease educational inequalities in Tehran, priority should be given to younger women and older men. Further analyses are needed to explain these inequalities.
@article{kiadaliri_absolute_2016,
title = {Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity among adults in {Tehran}: {Findings} from the {Urban} {HEART} {Study}-2.},
volume = {10 Suppl 1},
issn = {1871-403X},
shorttitle = {Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity among adults in {Tehran}},
doi = {10.1016/j.orcp.2015.05.002},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Iran. Previous studies showed mixed results in relation to association between socioeconomic status and obesity in the country. The current study aimed to examine educational inequalities among adults in Tehran in 2011.
METHOD: Data on 90,435 persons 18 years and older from Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART-2) were analyzed. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were used for assessing educational inequalities in obesity. These measures were quantified using generalized linear models for the binomial family adjusted for sex and age. Subgroup analysis was conducted across sex, age groups and the 22 districts of Tehran.
RESULTS: Both SII and RII showed substantial educational inequalities in obesity in favour of more educated adults [RII and SII (95\% CI were equal to 2.91 (2.71-3.11) and 0.12 (0.12-0.13)), respectively]. These educational inequalities were persistent even after adjusting for employment, marital status and smoking. Subgroup analysis revealed that educational inequalities were more profound among women. While among men educational inequalities were generally increasing with age, an inverse trend was observed among women. Educational inequalities were observed within all 22 districts of Tehran and generally there were no statistically significant differences between districts.
CONCLUSION: An inverse association between education and obesity was observed in the current study. To decrease educational inequalities in Tehran, priority should be given to younger women and older men. Further analyses are needed to explain these inequalities.},
language = {eng},
journal = {Obesity Research \& Clinical Practice},
author = {Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A. and Asadi-Lari, Mohsen and Kalantari, Naser and Jafari, Mehdi and Vaez Mahdavi, Mohammad Reza and Faghihzadeh, Soghrat},
month = sep,
year = {2016},
pmid = {26003304},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Educational Status, Educational inequality, Female, Generalized linear model, Humans, Iran, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Sex Factors, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban-HEART, Young Adult},
pages = {S57--S63},
}Infections due to Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae among Saudi Arabian Hospitalized Patients: A Matched Case-Control Study. Garbati, M A, Sakkijha, H, & Abushaheen, A BioMed research international, 2016(101600173):3961684, 2016. Garbati, M A. Section of Infectious Diseases, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia. Sakkijha, H. Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia. Abushaheen, A. Scientific Research and Publication Center, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Background. We conducted this case-control study to determine the risk factors and treatment outcome of infections due to carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae in our institution. Methods. This is a matched case-control study of patients with infection due to carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and carbapenem susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CSE), from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 2012 and December 2013. Results. During this period, 29 cases and 58 controls were studied. The mean ages of the cases (55.4 years) and controls (54.7 years) were similar (p = 0.065). Cases had higher mean Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (3.1) than controls (1.9), p = 0.026. Several factors contributed to infection among the studied population. Prior uses of piperacillin-tazobactam, a carbapenem, a quinolone, and metronidazole were significantly associated with CRE infections. Nine of the cases died compared with 7 of the controls, p = 0.031. Mortality was associated with advanced age, the presence of comorbidities, ICU stay, and receipt of invasive procedures. Conclusions. Infections due to CRE resulted in a significantly increased mortality. Combination antibiotic therapy was associated with reduced mortality. Properly designed randomized controlled studies are required to better characterize these findings.
@article{garbati_infections_2016,
title = {Infections due to {Carbapenem} {Resistant} {Enterobacteriaceae} among {Saudi} {Arabian} {Hospitalized} {Patients}: {A} {Matched} {Case}-{Control} {Study}.},
volume = {2016},
issn = {2314-6141},
abstract = {Background. We conducted this case-control study to determine the risk factors and treatment outcome of infections due to carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae in our institution. Methods. This is a matched case-control study of patients with infection due to carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and carbapenem susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CSE), from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 2012 and December 2013. Results. During this period, 29 cases and 58 controls were studied. The mean ages of the cases (55.4 years) and controls (54.7 years) were similar (p = 0.065). Cases had higher mean Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (3.1) than controls (1.9), p = 0.026. Several factors contributed to infection among the studied population. Prior uses of piperacillin-tazobactam, a carbapenem, a quinolone, and metronidazole were significantly associated with CRE infections. Nine of the cases died compared with 7 of the controls, p = 0.031. Mortality was associated with advanced age, the presence of comorbidities, ICU stay, and receipt of invasive procedures. Conclusions. Infections due to CRE resulted in a significantly increased mortality. Combination antibiotic therapy was associated with reduced mortality. Properly designed randomized controlled studies are required to better characterize these findings.},
number = {101600173},
journal = {BioMed research international},
author = {Garbati, M A and Sakkijha, H and Abushaheen, A},
year = {2016},
note = {Garbati, M A. Section of Infectious Diseases, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
Sakkijha, H. Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
Abushaheen, A. Scientific Research and Publication Center, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.},
keywords = {*Carbapenems/tu [Therapeutic Use], *Cross Infection/dt [Drug Therapy], *Cross Infection/mo [Mortality], *Drug Resistance, Bacterial, *Enterobacteriaceae Infections/dt [Drug Therapy], *Enterobacteriaceae Infections/mo [Mortality], Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Cross Infection/mi [Microbiology], Enterobacteriaceae Infections/mi [Microbiology], Enterobacteriaceae/cl [Classification], Enterobacteriaceae/de [Drug Effects], Enterobacteriaceae/ip [Isolation \& Purification], Hospitalization/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], Humans, Risk Factors, Saudi Arabia/ep [Epidemiology], adolescent, adult, aged, female, incidence, male, middle aged, survival rate, treatment outcome, young adult},
pages = {3961684}
}Comparison of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Parasternal Block for Postoperative Pain Management after Cardiac Surgery. Ozturk, N. K., Baki, E. D., Kavakli, A. S., Sahin, A. S., Ayoglu, R. U., Karaveli, A., Emmiler, M., Inanoglu, K., & Karsli, B. Pain research & management, 2016(9612504):4261949, 2016. Ozturk, Nilgun Kavrut. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Baki, Elif Dogan. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon, Turkey. Kavakli, Ali Sait. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Sahin, Ayca Sultan. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Ayoglu, Raif Umut. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Karaveli, Arzu. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Emmiler, Mustafa. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Inanoglu, Kerem. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey. Karsli, Bilge. Department of Algology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Background. Parasternal block and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) have been demonstrated to produce effective analgesia and reduce postoperative opioid requirements in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Objectives. To compare the effectiveness of TENS and parasternal block on early postoperative pain after cardiac surgery. Methods. One hundred twenty patients undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled in the present randomized, controlled prospective study. Patients were assigned to three treatment groups: parasternal block, intermittent TENS application, or a control group. Results. Pain scores recorded 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, and 8h postoperatively were lower in the parasternal block group than in the TENS and control groups. Total morphine consumption was also lower in the parasternal block group than in the TENS and control groups. It was also significantly lower in the TENS group than in the control group. There were no statistical differences among the groups regarding the extubation time, rescue analgesic medication, length of intensive care unit stay, or length of hospital stay. Conclusions. Parasternal block was more effective than TENS in the management of early postoperative pain and the reduction of opioid requirements in patients who underwent cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT02725229.
@article{ozturk_comparison_2016,
title = {Comparison of {Transcutaneous} {Electrical} {Nerve} {Stimulation} and {Parasternal} {Block} for {Postoperative} {Pain} {Management} after {Cardiac} {Surgery}.},
volume = {2016},
issn = {1918-1523},
abstract = {Background. Parasternal block and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) have been demonstrated to produce effective analgesia and reduce postoperative opioid requirements in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Objectives. To compare the effectiveness of TENS and parasternal block on early postoperative pain after cardiac surgery. Methods. One hundred twenty patients undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled in the present randomized, controlled prospective study. Patients were assigned to three treatment groups: parasternal block, intermittent TENS application, or a control group. Results. Pain scores recorded 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, and 8h postoperatively were lower in the parasternal block group than in the TENS and control groups. Total morphine consumption was also lower in the parasternal block group than in the TENS and control groups. It was also significantly lower in the TENS group than in the control group. There were no statistical differences among the groups regarding the extubation time, rescue analgesic medication, length of intensive care unit stay, or length of hospital stay. Conclusions. Parasternal block was more effective than TENS in the management of early postoperative pain and the reduction of opioid requirements in patients who underwent cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT02725229.},
number = {9612504},
journal = {Pain research \& management},
author = {Ozturk, Nilgun Kavrut and Baki, Elif Dogan and Kavakli, Ali Sait and Sahin, Ayca Sultan and Ayoglu, Raif Umut and Karaveli, Arzu and Emmiler, Mustafa and Inanoglu, Kerem and Karsli, Bilge},
year = {2016},
note = {Ozturk, Nilgun Kavrut. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Baki, Elif Dogan. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon, Turkey.
Kavakli, Ali Sait. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Sahin, Ayca Sultan. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Ayoglu, Raif Umut. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Karaveli, Arzu. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Emmiler, Mustafa. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Inanoglu, Kerem. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Karsli, Bilge. Department of Algology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.},
keywords = {*Cardiac Surgical Procedures/ae [Adverse Effects], *Nerve Block/mt [Methods], *Pain, Postoperative/et [Etiology], *Pain, Postoperative/th [Therapy], *Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/mt [Methods], Adjuvants, Anesthesia/tu [Therapeutic Use], Diazepam/tu [Therapeutic Use], Heart Diseases/su [Surgery], Humans, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, adolescent, adult, aged, female, male, middle aged, treatment outcome, visual analog scale, young adult},
pages = {4261949}
}Neuropsychological performance of young familial hypercholesterolemia patients. Ariza, M., Cuenca, N., Mauri, M., Jurado, M. A., & Garolera, M. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 34:e29–e31, October, 2016.
doi bibtex
doi bibtex
@article{ariza_neuropsychological_2016,
title = {Neuropsychological performance of young familial hypercholesterolemia patients},
volume = {34},
issn = {1879-0828},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2016.05.009},
language = {eng},
journal = {European Journal of Internal Medicine},
author = {Ariza, Mar and Cuenca, Natalia and Mauri, Marta and Jurado, M. Angels and Garolera, Maite},
month = oct,
year = {2016},
pmid = {27264249},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Cholesterol, Cognitive Dysfunction, Cognitive impairment, Executive Function, Executive function, Familial hypercholesterolemia, Female, Humans, Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined, Male, Neuropsychology, Spain, Young Adult, Young adults},
pages = {e29--e31},
}Detection of Strabismus by Non-Health Care Professionals in an Ethnically Diverse Set of Images. Chan, K. W., Deng, L., & Weissberg, E. M. JAMA ophthalmology, 134(1):30–36, January, 2016.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex IMPORTANCE: Understanding the criteria for when strabismus becomes detectable by non-health care professionals could influence the goals for determining the success of surgical intervention and how patients with such misalignments are counseled. OBJECTIVE: To examine the magnitude at which strabismus is detectable by lay observers in an ethnically diverse set of images. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Photographs of 12 ethnically diverse models (black, white, and Asian) were simulated to have strabismus from esotropia of 21 prism diopters (∆) to exotropia of 21∆. From July 1, 2007, to October, 1, 2008, images were presented to 120 non-health care professionals aged 21 years or older from the general community in Boston, Massachusetts, who were asked whether strabismus was present. Analysis was conducted from November 1, 2008, to March 31, 2009. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The threshold angle for detecting strabismus to enable 70% of lay observers to make a positive determination whether strabismus is present. RESULTS: In white and black models, the threshold allowing a 70% positive detection rate was higher for esotropia than for exotropia (P \textless .001 for both). For white models, the threshold was 23.2∆ (95% CI, 21.0∆ to 26.5∆) for esotropia and 13.5∆ (95% CI, 12.5∆ to 14.6∆) for exotropia. For black models, the threshold was 20.8∆ (95% CI, 19.2∆ to 22.2∆) for esotropia and 16.3∆ (95% CI, 15.5∆ to 17.2∆) for exotropia. Asian models showed an opposite trend, with the threshold allowing a 70% positive detection rate for esotropia (14.3∆; 95% CI, 13.2∆ to 15.7∆) being lower than that for exotropia (20.9∆; 95% CI, 18.0∆ to 24.6∆) (P \textless .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Esotropia was easier for lay observers to detect than exotropia in Asian models, and exotropia was easier to detect than esotropia in white and black models. This information should be considered when managing patients who have concerns about the social significance of their strabismus. Future studies should include diverse individuals and make an effort to account for individual factors that may alter the perception of strabismus.
@article{chan_detection_2016,
title = {Detection of {Strabismus} by {Non}-{Health} {Care} {Professionals} in an {Ethnically} {Diverse} {Set} of {Images}},
volume = {134},
issn = {2168-6173},
url = {http://ezproxynco.flo.org/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.4082},
doi = {10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.4082},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Understanding the criteria for when strabismus becomes detectable by non-health care professionals could influence the goals for determining the success of surgical intervention and how patients with such misalignments are counseled.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the magnitude at which strabismus is detectable by lay observers in an ethnically diverse set of images.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Photographs of 12 ethnically diverse models (black, white, and Asian) were simulated to have strabismus from esotropia of 21 prism diopters (∆) to exotropia of 21∆. From July 1, 2007, to October, 1, 2008, images were presented to 120 non-health care professionals aged 21 years or older from the general community in Boston, Massachusetts, who were asked whether strabismus was present. Analysis was conducted from November 1, 2008, to March 31, 2009.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The threshold angle for detecting strabismus to enable 70\% of lay observers to make a positive determination whether strabismus is present.
RESULTS: In white and black models, the threshold allowing a 70\% positive detection rate was higher for esotropia than for exotropia (P {\textless} .001 for both). For white models, the threshold was 23.2∆ (95\% CI, 21.0∆ to 26.5∆) for esotropia and 13.5∆ (95\% CI, 12.5∆ to 14.6∆) for exotropia. For black models, the threshold was 20.8∆ (95\% CI, 19.2∆ to 22.2∆) for esotropia and 16.3∆ (95\% CI, 15.5∆ to 17.2∆) for exotropia. Asian models showed an opposite trend, with the threshold allowing a 70\% positive detection rate for esotropia (14.3∆; 95\% CI, 13.2∆ to 15.7∆) being lower than that for exotropia (20.9∆; 95\% CI, 18.0∆ to 24.6∆) (P {\textless} .001).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Esotropia was easier for lay observers to detect than exotropia in Asian models, and exotropia was easier to detect than esotropia in white and black models. This information should be considered when managing patients who have concerns about the social significance of their strabismus. Future studies should include diverse individuals and make an effort to account for individual factors that may alter the perception of strabismus.},
number = {1},
journal = {JAMA ophthalmology},
author = {Chan, Kimberley W. and Deng, Li and Weissberg, Erik M.},
month = jan,
year = {2016},
pmid = {26512549},
keywords = {Adult, African Americans, Allied Health Personnel, Asian Americans, Esotropia, Ethnic Groups, European Continental Ancestry Group, Exotropia, False Positive Reactions, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Biological, Photography, Predictive Value of Tests, Vision, Binocular, Young Adult},
pages = {30--36}
}The risk associated with concomitant procedures performed during adult congenital heart surgery. Mori, M, Rosenblum, J., Book, W, Oster, M, & Kogon, B Cardiol Young, 26(5):909–914, June, 2016.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: Adult patients with CHD often require complex operations, and indications for particular aspects of the operation are sometimes unclear. The aims of our study were as follows: to characterise concomitant procedures performed during adult congenital cardiac surgery, and to better define the risk involved with performing concomitant procedures during a single operation. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 458 adult congenital cardiac surgical patients. Major procedures were characterised as aortic, mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid, septal defect, single ventricle, transplant, and others. We constructed logistic regression models to assess the risk for mortality, major adverse event, and prolonged length of stay. RESULTS: A total of 362 operations involved a single major procedure, whereas 96 involved concomitant procedures. Performing concomitant procedures increased mortality (7.3 versus 2.5%), major adverse events (21.8 versus 14.9%), and prolonged length of stay (29.2 versus 17.1%). The added risks of concomitant procedures on mortality, major adverse event, and prolonged length of stay were 2.9 (95% CI 1.0-8.5, p=0.05), 1.9 (95% CI 1.1-3.3, p=0.02), and 2.4 (95% CI 1.4-4.1, p=0.003), respectively. There were 200 patients with conotruncal anomalies who underwent pulmonary valve surgery. In this subset, the added risks of concomitant procedures in addition to pulmonary valve surgery on mortality, major adverse events, and prolonged length of stay were 6.6 (95% CI 1.2-37.3, p=0.03), 2.8 (95% CI 1.2-6.6, p=0.03), and 3.3 (95% CI 1.5-7.4, p=0.005), respectively. CONCLUSION: Concomitant procedures performed during adult congenital heart surgery increase risk. Awareness of this risk may improve surgical decision making and outcomes.
@article{mori_risk_2016,
title = {The risk associated with concomitant procedures performed during adult congenital heart surgery.},
volume = {26},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26345601},
doi = {10.1017/S1047951115001523},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adult patients with CHD often require complex operations, and indications for particular aspects of the operation are sometimes unclear. The aims of our study were as follows: to characterise concomitant procedures performed during adult congenital cardiac surgery, and to better define the risk involved with performing concomitant procedures during a single operation. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 458 adult congenital cardiac surgical patients. Major procedures were characterised as aortic, mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid, septal defect, single ventricle, transplant, and others. We constructed logistic regression models to assess the risk for mortality, major adverse event, and prolonged length of stay. RESULTS: A total of 362 operations involved a single major procedure, whereas 96 involved concomitant procedures. Performing concomitant procedures increased mortality (7.3 versus 2.5\%), major adverse events (21.8 versus 14.9\%), and prolonged length of stay (29.2 versus 17.1\%). The added risks of concomitant procedures on mortality, major adverse event, and prolonged length of stay were 2.9 (95\% CI 1.0-8.5, p=0.05), 1.9 (95\% CI 1.1-3.3, p=0.02), and 2.4 (95\% CI 1.4-4.1, p=0.003), respectively. There were 200 patients with conotruncal anomalies who underwent pulmonary valve surgery. In this subset, the added risks of concomitant procedures in addition to pulmonary valve surgery on mortality, major adverse events, and prolonged length of stay were 6.6 (95\% CI 1.2-37.3, p=0.03), 2.8 (95\% CI 1.2-6.6, p=0.03), and 3.3 (95\% CI 1.5-7.4, p=0.005), respectively. CONCLUSION: Concomitant procedures performed during adult congenital heart surgery increase risk. Awareness of this risk may improve surgical decision making and outcomes.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {Cardiol Young},
author = {Mori, M and Rosenblum, JM and Book, W and Oster, M and Kogon, B},
month = jun,
year = {2016},
keywords = {Young Adult},
pages = {909--914}
}A practical online tool to estimate antiretroviral coverage for HIV infected and susceptible populations needed to reduce local HIV epidemics. Chaillon, A., Hoenigl, M., Mehta, S. R., Weibel, N., Little, S. J., & Smith, D. M. Scientific Reports, 6:28707, 2016.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
It remains unclear what proportions of HIV-infected and uninfected people should receive effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) to control local HIV epidemics. We developed a flexible model to evaluate the impact of treatment as prevention (TasP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on HIV incidence in local communities. We evaluated this tool for determining what TasP and PrEP targets are needed to substantially reduce the HIV epidemic in San Diego, which is predominately comprised of men who have sex with men. By increasing the proportion of HIV-infected individuals on ART from 30% to 50%, 686 new infections would be prevented over five years in San Diego. By providing PrEP to 30% of MSM to the age group that account for 90% of local HIV incident cases (21-52 years), we could prevent 433 infections over five years. When combining these initiatives, a PrEP coverage rate of 40% and TasP coverage rate of 34% would be expected to decrease the number of new infections by over half in one year. This online tool is designed to help local public health planners and policy makers to estimate program outcomes and costs that may lead to better control of their local HIV epidemics.
@article{chaillon_practical_2016,
title = {A practical online tool to estimate antiretroviral coverage for {HIV} infected and susceptible populations needed to reduce local {HIV} epidemics},
volume = {6},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/srep28707},
abstract = {It remains unclear what proportions of HIV-infected and uninfected people should receive effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) to control local HIV epidemics. We developed a flexible model to evaluate the impact of treatment as prevention (TasP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on HIV incidence in local communities. We evaluated this tool for determining what TasP and PrEP targets are needed to substantially reduce the HIV epidemic in San Diego, which is predominately comprised of men who have sex with men. By increasing the proportion of HIV-infected individuals on ART from 30\% to 50\%, 686 new infections would be prevented over five years in San Diego. By providing PrEP to 30\% of MSM to the age group that account for 90\% of local HIV incident cases (21-52 years), we could prevent 433 infections over five years. When combining these initiatives, a PrEP coverage rate of 40\% and TasP coverage rate of 34\% would be expected to decrease the number of new infections by over half in one year. This online tool is designed to help local public health planners and policy makers to estimate program outcomes and costs that may lead to better control of their local HIV epidemics.},
language = {eng},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
author = {Chaillon, Antoine and Hoenigl, Martin and Mehta, Sanjay R. and Weibel, Nadir and Little, Susan J. and Smith, Davey M.},
year = {2016},
pmid = {27337983},
pmcid = {PMC4919622},
keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Anti-Retroviral Agents, California, Disease Susceptibility, Epidemics, HIV Infections, Health Policy, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Incidence, Internet, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Risk-Taking, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sexual Behavior, Young Adult},
pages = {28707},
}2015 (10)
Anthropometric models of bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density based on the bone mineral density in childhood study. Short, D. F., Gilsanz, V., Kalkwarf, H. J., Lappe, J. M., Oberfield, S., Shepherd, J. A., Winer, K. K., Zemel, B. S., & Hangartner, T. N. Osteoporosis international: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 26(3):1099–1108, March, 2015.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
New models describing anthropometrically adjusted normal values of bone mineral density and content in children have been created for the various measurement sites. The inclusion of multiple explanatory variables in the models provides the opportunity to calculate Z-scores that are adjusted with respect to the relevant anthropometric parameters. INTRODUCTION: Previous descriptions of children's bone mineral measurements by age have focused on segmenting diverse populations by race and sex without adjusting for anthropometric variables or have included the effects of a single anthropometric variable. METHODS: We applied multivariate semi-metric smoothing to the various pediatric bone-measurement sites using data from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study to evaluate which of sex, race, age, height, weight, percent body fat, and sexual maturity explain variations in the population's bone mineral values. By balancing high adjusted R(2) values with clinical needs, two models are examined. RESULTS: At the spine, whole body, whole body sub head, total hip, hip neck, and forearm sites, models were created using sex, race, age, height, and weight as well as an additional set of models containing these anthropometric variables and percent body fat. For bone mineral density, weight is more important than percent body fat, which is more important than height. For bone mineral content, the order varied by site with body fat being the weakest component. Including more anthropometrics in the model reduces the overlap of the critical groups, identified as those individuals with a Z-score below -2, from the standard sex, race, and age model. CONCLUSIONS: If body fat is not available, the simpler model including height and weight should be used. The inclusion of multiple explanatory variables in the models provides the opportunity to calculate Z-scores that are adjusted with respect to the relevant anthropometric parameters.
@article{short_anthropometric_2015,
title = {Anthropometric models of bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density based on the bone mineral density in childhood study},
volume = {26},
issn = {1433-2965},
doi = {10.1007/s00198-014-2916-x},
abstract = {New models describing anthropometrically adjusted normal values of bone mineral density and content in children have been created for the various measurement sites. The inclusion of multiple explanatory variables in the models provides the opportunity to calculate Z-scores that are adjusted with respect to the relevant anthropometric parameters.
INTRODUCTION: Previous descriptions of children's bone mineral measurements by age have focused on segmenting diverse populations by race and sex without adjusting for anthropometric variables or have included the effects of a single anthropometric variable.
METHODS: We applied multivariate semi-metric smoothing to the various pediatric bone-measurement sites using data from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study to evaluate which of sex, race, age, height, weight, percent body fat, and sexual maturity explain variations in the population's bone mineral values. By balancing high adjusted R(2) values with clinical needs, two models are examined.
RESULTS: At the spine, whole body, whole body sub head, total hip, hip neck, and forearm sites, models were created using sex, race, age, height, and weight as well as an additional set of models containing these anthropometric variables and percent body fat. For bone mineral density, weight is more important than percent body fat, which is more important than height. For bone mineral content, the order varied by site with body fat being the weakest component. Including more anthropometrics in the model reduces the overlap of the critical groups, identified as those individuals with a Z-score below -2, from the standard sex, race, and age model.
CONCLUSIONS: If body fat is not available, the simpler model including height and weight should be used. The inclusion of multiple explanatory variables in the models provides the opportunity to calculate Z-scores that are adjusted with respect to the relevant anthropometric parameters.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Osteoporosis international: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA},
author = {Short, D. F. and Gilsanz, V. and Kalkwarf, H. J. and Lappe, J. M. and Oberfield, S. and Shepherd, J. A. and Winer, K. K. and Zemel, B. S. and Hangartner, T. N.},
month = mar,
year = {2015},
pmid = {25311106},
pmcid = {PMC4768717},
keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Age Factors, Algorithms, Anthropometry, Body Height, Body Weight, Bone Density, Bone and Bones, Child, Child, Preschool, Continental Population Groups, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Theoretical, Sex Factors, Young Adult},
pages = {1099--1108}
}Daily Marijuana Use Is Not Associated with Brain Morphometric Measures in Adolescents or Adults. Weiland, B., J., Thayer, R., E., Depue, B., E., Sabbineni, a., Bryan, a., D., & Hutchison, K., E. Journal of Neuroscience, 2015.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Recent research has suggested that marijuana use is associated with volumetric and shape differences in subcortical structures, including the nucleus accumbens and amygdala, in a dose-dependent fashion. Replication of such results in well controlled studies is essential to clarify the effects of marijuana. To that end, this retrospective study examined brain morphology in a sample of adult daily marijuana users (n = 29) versus nonusers (n = 29) and a sample of adolescent daily users (n = 50) versus nonusers (n = 50). Groups were matched on a critical confounding variable, alcohol use, to a far greater degree than in previously published studies. We acquired high-resolution MRI scans, and investigated group differences in gray matter using voxel-based morphometry, surface-based morphometry, and shape analysis in structures suggested to be associated with marijuana use, as follows: the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum. No statistically significant differences were found between daily users and nonusers on volume or shape in the regions of interest. Effect sizes suggest that the failure to find differences was not due to a lack of statistical power, but rather was due to the lack of even a modest effect. In sum, the results indicate that, when carefully controlling for alcohol use, gender, age, and other variables, there is no association between marijuana use and standard volumetric or shape measurements of subcortical structures.
@article{
title = {Daily Marijuana Use Is Not Associated with Brain Morphometric Measures in Adolescents or Adults},
type = {article},
year = {2015},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aging,Brain,Brain: pathology,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug,Female,Humans,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Marijuana Smoking,Marijuana Smoking: pathology,Retrospective Studies,Statistics, Nonparametric,Young Adult},
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confirmed = {false},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {Recent research has suggested that marijuana use is associated with volumetric and shape differences in subcortical structures, including the nucleus accumbens and amygdala, in a dose-dependent fashion. Replication of such results in well controlled studies is essential to clarify the effects of marijuana. To that end, this retrospective study examined brain morphology in a sample of adult daily marijuana users (n = 29) versus nonusers (n = 29) and a sample of adolescent daily users (n = 50) versus nonusers (n = 50). Groups were matched on a critical confounding variable, alcohol use, to a far greater degree than in previously published studies. We acquired high-resolution MRI scans, and investigated group differences in gray matter using voxel-based morphometry, surface-based morphometry, and shape analysis in structures suggested to be associated with marijuana use, as follows: the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum. No statistically significant differences were found between daily users and nonusers on volume or shape in the regions of interest. Effect sizes suggest that the failure to find differences was not due to a lack of statistical power, but rather was due to the lack of even a modest effect. In sum, the results indicate that, when carefully controlling for alcohol use, gender, age, and other variables, there is no association between marijuana use and standard volumetric or shape measurements of subcortical structures. },
bibtype = {article},
author = {Weiland, B. J. and Thayer, R. E. and Depue, B. E. and Sabbineni, a. and Bryan, a. D. and Hutchison, K. E.},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}
}The Effects of Relaxation Before or After Skin Damage on Skin Barrier Recovery: A Preliminary Study. Robinson, H., Jarrett, P., & Broadbent, E. Psychosomatic Medicine, 77(8):844--852, October, 2015. 00002
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVES: Psychological interventions administered before wounding can reduce stress and improve healing. However, in many cases, it would be more practical for interventions to be delivered after wounding. This preliminary study investigated whether a brief relaxation intervention could improve healing when administered either before or after skin damage produced by tape stripping in comparison to a control group. METHODS: One hundred twenty-one healthy adults were randomized into one of three groups: (a) relaxation prestripping group, (b) relaxation poststripping group, or (c) no relaxation. Participants completed measures of stress, fatigue, relaxation, and pain. Relaxation consisted of listening to 20 minutes of guided relaxation, whereas the control condition was quiet reading for 20 minutes. Skin barrier function was measured using transepidermal water loss at baseline, immediately after tape stripping and 25 minutes later. RESULTS: Relaxation either before or after tape stripping improved skin barrier recovery compared with the control group (F(2,92) = 3.58, p = .032, partial η = 0.074). Participants who took part in the relaxation intervention were significantly more relaxed and reported greater reductions in pain than the control group did 25 minutes after tape stripping. Perceived stress over the last month was not significantly related to healing. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that a relaxation intervention had a beneficial effect on skin barrier recovery regardless of whether the intervention was administered before or after wounding. Future research needs to replicate these findings in other wound types and in clinical settings, and investigate the biological mechanisms involved.
@article{robinson_effects_2015,
title = {The {Effects} of {Relaxation} {Before} or {After} {Skin} {Damage} on {Skin} {Barrier} {Recovery}: {A} {Preliminary} {Study}},
volume = {77},
issn = {1534-7796},
shorttitle = {The {Effects} of {Relaxation} {Before} or {After} {Skin} {Damage} on {Skin} {Barrier} {Recovery}},
doi = {10.1097/PSY.0000000000000222},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Psychological interventions administered before wounding can reduce stress and improve healing. However, in many cases, it would be more practical for interventions to be delivered after wounding. This preliminary study investigated whether a brief relaxation intervention could improve healing when administered either before or after skin damage produced by tape stripping in comparison to a control group.
METHODS: One hundred twenty-one healthy adults were randomized into one of three groups: (a) relaxation prestripping group, (b) relaxation poststripping group, or (c) no relaxation. Participants completed measures of stress, fatigue, relaxation, and pain. Relaxation consisted of listening to 20 minutes of guided relaxation, whereas the control condition was quiet reading for 20 minutes. Skin barrier function was measured using transepidermal water loss at baseline, immediately after tape stripping and 25 minutes later.
RESULTS: Relaxation either before or after tape stripping improved skin barrier recovery compared with the control group (F(2,92) = 3.58, p = .032, partial η = 0.074). Participants who took part in the relaxation intervention were significantly more relaxed and reported greater reductions in pain than the control group did 25 minutes after tape stripping. Perceived stress over the last month was not significantly related to healing.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that a relaxation intervention had a beneficial effect on skin barrier recovery regardless of whether the intervention was administered before or after wounding. Future research needs to replicate these findings in other wound types and in clinical settings, and investigate the biological mechanisms involved.},
language = {eng},
number = {8},
journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
author = {Robinson, Hayley and Jarrett, Paul and Broadbent, Elizabeth},
month = oct,
year = {2015},
pmid = {26335334},
note = {00002 },
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Epidermis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Recovery of Function, Relaxation Therapy, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Treatment Outcome, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult},
pages = {844--852}
}HIV Transmission Networks in the San Diego-Tijuana Border Region. Mehta, S. R., Wertheim, J. O., Brouwer, K. C., Wagner, K. D., Chaillon, A., Strathdee, S., Patterson, T. L., Rangel, M. G., Vargas, M., Murrell, B., Garfein, R., Little, S. J., & Smith, D. M. EBioMedicine, 2(10):1456–1463, October, 2015.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: HIV sequence data can be used to reconstruct local transmission networks. Along international borders, like the San Diego-Tijuana region, understanding the dynamics of HIV transmission across reported risks, racial/ethnic groups, and geography can help direct effective prevention efforts on both sides of the border. METHODS: We gathered sociodemographic, geographic, clinical, and viral sequence data from HIV infected individuals participating in ten studies in the San Diego-Tijuana border region. Phylogenetic and network analysis was performed to infer putative relationships between HIV sequences. Correlates of identified clusters were evaluated and spatiotemporal relationships were explored using Bayesian phylogeographic analysis. FINDINGS: After quality filtering, 843 HIV sequences with associated demographic data and 263 background sequences from the region were analyzed, and 138 clusters were inferred (2-23 individuals). Overall, the rate of clustering did not differ by ethnicity, residence, or sex, but bisexuals were less likely to cluster than heterosexuals or men who have sex with men (p = 0.043), and individuals identifying as white (p ≤ 0.01) were more likely to cluster than other races. Clustering individuals were also 3.5 years younger than non-clustering individuals (p \textless 0.001). Although the sampled San Diego and Tijuana epidemics were phylogenetically compartmentalized, five clusters contained individuals residing on both sides of the border. INTERPRETATION: This study sampled ~ 7% of HIV infected individuals in the border region, and although the sampled networks on each side of the border were largely separate, there was evidence of persistent bidirectional cross-border transmissions that linked risk groups, thus highlighting the importance of the border region as a "melting pot" of risk groups. FUNDING: NIH, VA, and Pendleton Foundation.
@article{mehta_hiv_2015,
title = {{HIV} {Transmission} {Networks} in the {San} {Diego}-{Tijuana} {Border} {Region}},
volume = {2},
issn = {2352-3964},
doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.07.024},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: HIV sequence data can be used to reconstruct local transmission networks. Along international borders, like the San Diego-Tijuana region, understanding the dynamics of HIV transmission across reported risks, racial/ethnic groups, and geography can help direct effective prevention efforts on both sides of the border.
METHODS: We gathered sociodemographic, geographic, clinical, and viral sequence data from HIV infected individuals participating in ten studies in the San Diego-Tijuana border region. Phylogenetic and network analysis was performed to infer putative relationships between HIV sequences. Correlates of identified clusters were evaluated and spatiotemporal relationships were explored using Bayesian phylogeographic analysis.
FINDINGS: After quality filtering, 843 HIV sequences with associated demographic data and 263 background sequences from the region were analyzed, and 138 clusters were inferred (2-23 individuals). Overall, the rate of clustering did not differ by ethnicity, residence, or sex, but bisexuals were less likely to cluster than heterosexuals or men who have sex with men (p = 0.043), and individuals identifying as white (p ≤ 0.01) were more likely to cluster than other races. Clustering individuals were also 3.5 years younger than non-clustering individuals (p {\textless} 0.001). Although the sampled San Diego and Tijuana epidemics were phylogenetically compartmentalized, five clusters contained individuals residing on both sides of the border.
INTERPRETATION: This study sampled {\textasciitilde} 7\% of HIV infected individuals in the border region, and although the sampled networks on each side of the border were largely separate, there was evidence of persistent bidirectional cross-border transmissions that linked risk groups, thus highlighting the importance of the border region as a "melting pot" of risk groups.
FUNDING: NIH, VA, and Pendleton Foundation.},
language = {eng},
number = {10},
journal = {EBioMedicine},
author = {Mehta, Sanjay R. and Wertheim, Joel O. and Brouwer, Kimberly C. and Wagner, Karla D. and Chaillon, Antoine and Strathdee, Steffanie and Patterson, Thomas L. and Rangel, Maria G. and Vargas, Mlenka and Murrell, Ben and Garfein, Richard and Little, Susan J. and Smith, Davey M.},
month = oct,
year = {2015},
pmid = {26629540},
pmcid = {PMC4634195},
keywords = {Adult, Bayes Theorem, California, Cluster Analysis, Drug Resistance, Viral, Emigration and Immigration, Female, Genome, Viral, HIV, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, International border, Male, Mexico, Middle Aged, Mutation, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Population Surveillance, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Socioeconomic Factors, Transmission network, Young Adult},
pages = {1456--1463},
}Effects of aging on human leukocytes (part II): immunophenotyping of adaptive immune B and T cell subsets. Stervbo, U., Bozzetti, C., Baron, U., Jürchott, K., Meier, S., Mälzer, J. N., Nienen, M., Olek, S., Rachwalik, D., Schulz, A. R., Neumann, A., Babel, N., Grützkau, A., & Thiel, A. Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 37(5):9829, October, 2015.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Immunosenescence results from a continuous deterioration of immune responses resulting in a decreased response to vaccines. A well-described age-related alteration of the immune system is the decrease of de novo generation of T and B cells. In addition, the accumulation of memory cells and loss of diversity in antigen specificities resulting from a lifetime of exposure to pathogens has also been described. However, the effect of aging on subsets of γδTCR(+) T cells and Tregs has been poorly described, and the efficacy of the recall response to common persistent infections in the elderly remains obscure. Here, we investigated alterations in the subpopulations of the B and T cells among 24 healthy young (aged 19-30) and 26 healthy elderly (aged 53-67) individuals. The analysis was performed by flow cytometry using freshly collected peripheral blood. γδTCR(+) T cells were overall decreased, while CD4(+)CD8(-) cells among γδTCR(+) T cells were increased in the elderly. Helios(+)Foxp3(+) and Helios(-)Foxp3(+) Treg cells were unaffected with age. Recent thymic emigrants, based on CD31 expression, were decreased among the Helios(+)Foxp3(+), but not the Helios(-)Foxp3(+) cell populations. We observed a decrease in Adenovirus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and an increase in CMV-specific CD4(+) T cells in the elderly. Similarly, INFγ(+)TNFα(+) double-positive cells were decreased among activated T cells after Adenovirus stimulation but increased after CMV stimulation. The data presented here indicate that γδTCR(+) T cells might stabilize B cells, and functional senescence might dominate at higher ages than those studied here.
@article{stervbo_effects_2015,
title = {Effects of aging on human leukocytes (part {II}): immunophenotyping of adaptive immune {B} and {T} cell subsets},
volume = {37},
issn = {1574-4647},
shorttitle = {Effects of aging on human leukocytes (part {II})},
doi = {10.1007/s11357-015-9829-2},
abstract = {Immunosenescence results from a continuous deterioration of immune responses resulting in a decreased response to vaccines. A well-described age-related alteration of the immune system is the decrease of de novo generation of T and B cells. In addition, the accumulation of memory cells and loss of diversity in antigen specificities resulting from a lifetime of exposure to pathogens has also been described. However, the effect of aging on subsets of γδTCR(+) T cells and Tregs has been poorly described, and the efficacy of the recall response to common persistent infections in the elderly remains obscure. Here, we investigated alterations in the subpopulations of the B and T cells among 24 healthy young (aged 19-30) and 26 healthy elderly (aged 53-67) individuals. The analysis was performed by flow cytometry using freshly collected peripheral blood. γδTCR(+) T cells were overall decreased, while CD4(+)CD8(-) cells among γδTCR(+) T cells were increased in the elderly. Helios(+)Foxp3(+) and Helios(-)Foxp3(+) Treg cells were unaffected with age. Recent thymic emigrants, based on CD31 expression, were decreased among the Helios(+)Foxp3(+), but not the Helios(-)Foxp3(+) cell populations. We observed a decrease in Adenovirus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and an increase in CMV-specific CD4(+) T cells in the elderly. Similarly, INFγ(+)TNFα(+) double-positive cells were decreased among activated T cells after Adenovirus stimulation but increased after CMV stimulation. The data presented here indicate that γδTCR(+) T cells might stabilize B cells, and functional senescence might dominate at higher ages than those studied here.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands)},
author = {Stervbo, Ulrik and Bozzetti, Cecilia and Baron, Udo and Jürchott, Karsten and Meier, Sarah and Mälzer, Julia Nora and Nienen, Mikalai and Olek, Sven and Rachwalik, Dominika and Schulz, Axel Ronald and Neumann, Avidan and Babel, Nina and Grützkau, Andreas and Thiel, Andreas},
month = oct,
year = {2015},
pmid = {26324156},
keywords = {*Immunity, Innate, Adult, Aged, Aging/*immunology, B-Lymphocytes/*immunology, Female, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Immunophenotyping, Lymphocyte Activation/*immunology, Male, Middle Aged, T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology, Young Adult},
pages = {9829}
}White Matter Integrity Dissociates Verbal Memory and Auditory Attention Span in Emerging Adults with Congenital Heart Disease. Brewster, R., King, T., Burns, T., Drossner, D., & Mahle, W. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 21(1):22–33, January, 2015.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex White matter disruptions have been identified in individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, no specific theory-driven relationships between microstructural white matter disruptions and cognition have been established in CHD. We conducted a two-part study. First, we identified significant differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) of emerging adults with CHD using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). TBSS analyses between 22 participants with CHD and 18 demographically similar controls identified five regions of normal appearing white matter with significantly lower FA in CHD, and two higher. Next, two regions of lower FA in CHD were selected to examine theory-driven differential relationships with cognition: voxels along the left uncinate fasciculus (UF; a tract theorized to contribute to verbal memory) and voxels along the right middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP; a tract previously linked to attention). In CHD, a significant positive correlation between UF FA and memory was found, r(20)=.42, p=.049 (uncorrected). There was no correlation between UF and auditory attention span. A positive correlation between MCP FA and auditory attention span was found, r(20)=.47, p=.027 (uncorrected). There was no correlation between MCP and memory. In controls, no significant relationships were identified. These results are consistent with previous literature demonstrating lower FA in younger CHD samples, and provide novel evidence for disrupted white matter integrity in emerging adults with CHD. Furthermore, a correlational double dissociation established distinct white matter circuitry (UF and MCP) and differential cognitive correlates (memory and attention span, respectively) in young adults with CHD.
@article{brewster_white_2015,
title = {White {Matter} {Integrity} {Dissociates} {Verbal} {Memory} and {Auditory} {Attention} {Span} in {Emerging} {Adults} with {Congenital} {Heart} {Disease}.},
volume = {21},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26304056},
doi = {10.1017/S135561771400109X},
abstract = {White matter disruptions have been identified in individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, no specific theory-driven relationships between microstructural white matter disruptions and cognition have been established in CHD. We conducted a two-part study. First, we identified significant differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) of emerging adults with CHD using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). TBSS analyses between 22 participants with CHD and 18 demographically similar controls identified five regions of normal appearing white matter with significantly lower FA in CHD, and two higher. Next, two regions of lower FA in CHD were selected to examine theory-driven differential relationships with cognition: voxels along the left uncinate fasciculus (UF; a tract theorized to contribute to verbal memory) and voxels along the right middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP; a tract previously linked to attention). In CHD, a significant positive correlation between UF FA and memory was found, r(20)=.42, p=.049 (uncorrected). There was no correlation between UF and auditory attention span. A positive correlation between MCP FA and auditory attention span was found, r(20)=.47, p=.027 (uncorrected). There was no correlation between MCP and memory. In controls, no significant relationships were identified. These results are consistent with previous literature demonstrating lower FA in younger CHD samples, and provide novel evidence for disrupted white matter integrity in emerging adults with CHD. Furthermore, a correlational double dissociation established distinct white matter circuitry (UF and MCP) and differential cognitive correlates (memory and attention span, respectively) in young adults with CHD.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {J Int Neuropsychol Soc},
author = {Brewster, RC and King, TZ and Burns, TG and Drossner, DM and Mahle, WT},
month = jan,
year = {2015},
keywords = {Young Adult},
pages = {22--33}
}Effects of Therapeutic Physical Agents on Achilles Tendon Microcirculation. Chang, Y., Chiang, H., Shih, K., Ma, H., Lin, L., Hsu, W., Huang, Y., & Wang, H. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 45(7):563--569, July, 2015.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. OBJECTIVES: To measure Achilles tendon microcirculation (total hemoglobin [THb] and oxygen saturation [StO2]) before and after the application of a physical agent in asymptomatic participants, and to compare differences between application location and physical agent dosage. BACKGROUND: Tendon microcirculation can be altered by superficial heating or cryotherapy. METHODS: Fifty-one healthy adults (median age, 22 years; range, 20-34 years) were recruited and randomly assigned into 1 of 4 groups. Participants in each group received an intervention consisting of 1 of the following 4 physical agents: ultrasound (n = 12), interferential current (n = 14), low-level laser (n = 11), or vibration massage (n = 14). In each group, the selected intervention was applied at 2 different doses (ultrasound, 0.8 or 1.2 W/cm(2); laser, 5.4 or 18 J) or target locations (vibration and electrostimulation, calf muscle or Achilles tendon). For each participant, each dose or target location was randomly applied to 1 randomly selected lower leg (each leg receiving only 1 of the 2 options). RESULTS: The StO2 values significantly increased after ultrasound at both doses (P\textless.008), and the THb value significantly increased for the higher dose only (P\textless.008). Both THb and StO2 values also significantly increased in response to vibration massage targeting the Achilles tendon (P\textless.008), and these values were greater than those resulting from the vibration massage applied to the calf muscle (P = .003 and .002, respectively). No significant THb and StO2 differences were found after the application of interferential current or low-level laser. CONCLUSION: Tendon microcirculation increases after ultrasound and vibration massage intervention concentrated on the Achilles tendon. These modalities may be considered for the purpose of temporarily increasing microcirculation in the tendon.
@article{chang_effects_2015,
title = {Effects of {Therapeutic} {Physical} {Agents} on {Achilles} {Tendon} {Microcirculation}},
volume = {45},
issn = {1938-1344},
doi = {10.2519/jospt.2015.5681},
abstract = {STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study.
OBJECTIVES: To measure Achilles tendon microcirculation (total hemoglobin [THb] and oxygen saturation [StO2]) before and after the application of a physical agent in asymptomatic participants, and to compare differences between application location and physical agent dosage.
BACKGROUND: Tendon microcirculation can be altered by superficial heating or cryotherapy.
METHODS: Fifty-one healthy adults (median age, 22 years; range, 20-34 years) were recruited and randomly assigned into 1 of 4 groups. Participants in each group received an intervention consisting of 1 of the following 4 physical agents: ultrasound (n = 12), interferential current (n = 14), low-level laser (n = 11), or vibration massage (n = 14). In each group, the selected intervention was applied at 2 different doses (ultrasound, 0.8 or 1.2 W/cm(2); laser, 5.4 or 18 J) or target locations (vibration and electrostimulation, calf muscle or Achilles tendon). For each participant, each dose or target location was randomly applied to 1 randomly selected lower leg (each leg receiving only 1 of the 2 options).
RESULTS: The StO2 values significantly increased after ultrasound at both doses (P{\textless}.008), and the THb value significantly increased for the higher dose only (P{\textless}.008). Both THb and StO2 values also significantly increased in response to vibration massage targeting the Achilles tendon (P{\textless}.008), and these values were greater than those resulting from the vibration massage applied to the calf muscle (P = .003 and .002, respectively). No significant THb and StO2 differences were found after the application of interferential current or low-level laser.
CONCLUSION: Tendon microcirculation increases after ultrasound and vibration massage intervention concentrated on the Achilles tendon. These modalities may be considered for the purpose of temporarily increasing microcirculation in the tendon.},
language = {eng},
number = {7},
journal = {The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy},
author = {Chang, Yi-Ping and Chiang, Hongsen and Shih, Kao-Shang and Ma, Hsiao-Li and Lin, Leou-Chyr and Hsu, Wei-Li and Huang, Yung-Cheng and Wang, Hsing-Kuo},
month = jul,
year = {2015},
pmid = {26039223},
keywords = {Achilles Tendon, Adult, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Female, Healthy Volunteers, Humans, Low-Level Light Therapy, Male, Microcirculation, Random Allocation, Ultrasonic Therapy, Ultrasound, Vibration, Young Adult, interferential current, laser},
pages = {563--569}
}Different risk factor profiles distinguish early-onset from late-onset. Schachtner, T., Babel, N., & Reinke, P. Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 28(9):1081--1091, September, 2015.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Two of three reactivations of latent BKV-infection occur within the first 6 months after renal transplantation. However, a clear differentiation between early-onset and late-onset BKV-replication is lacking. Here, we studied all kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) at our single transplant center between 2004 and 2012. A total of 103 of 862 KTRs were diagnosed with BK viremia (11.9%), among which 24 KTRs (2.8%) showed progression to BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVN). Sixty-seven KTRs with early-onset BKV-replication (65%) and 36 KTRs with late-onset BKV-replication (35%) were identified. A control group of 598 KTRs without BKV-replication was used for comparison. Lymphocyte-depleting induction,
@article{schachtner_different_2015,
title = {Different risk factor profiles distinguish early-onset from late-onset},
volume = {28},
copyright = {(c) 2015 Steunstichting ESOT.},
issn = {1432-2277 0934-0874},
doi = {10.1111/tri.12601},
abstract = {Two of three reactivations of latent BKV-infection occur within the first 6 months after renal transplantation. However, a clear differentiation between early-onset and late-onset BKV-replication is lacking. Here, we studied all kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) at our single transplant center between 2004 and 2012. A total of 103 of 862 KTRs were diagnosed with BK viremia (11.9\%), among which 24 KTRs (2.8\%) showed progression to BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVN). Sixty-seven KTRs with early-onset BKV-replication (65\%) and 36 KTRs with late-onset BKV-replication (35\%) were identified. A control group of 598 KTRs without BKV-replication was used for comparison. Lymphocyte-depleting induction,},
language = {eng},
number = {9},
journal = {Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation},
author = {Schachtner, Thomas and Babel, Nina and Reinke, Petra},
month = sep,
year = {2015},
pmid = {25959355},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, BK Virus, BK polyomavirus, CMV, Creatinine/blood, Disease Progression, Female, Graft Rejection, Humans, Immunosuppression, Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use, Inflammation, Kidney Transplantation/*adverse effects, Male, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polyomavirus Infections/etiology, Renal Insufficiency/complications/*surgery, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, Virus Replication, Young Adult, renal transplantation},
pages = {1081--1091}
}Poisoning in the United States: 2012 emergency medicine report of the National Poison Data System. Dart, R. C., Bronstein, A. C., Spyker, D. A., Cantilena, L. R., Seifert, S. A., Heard, S. E., & Krenzelok, E. P. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 65(4):416--422, April, 2015.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Deaths from drug overdose have become the leading cause of injury death in the United States, where the poison center system is available to provide real-time advice and collect data about a variety of poisonings. In 2012, emergency medical providers were confronted with new poisonings, such as bath salts (substituted cathinones) and Spice (synthetic cannabinoid drugs), as well as continued trends in established poisonings such as from prescription opioids. This article addresses current trends in opioid poisonings; new substances implicated in poisoning cases, including unit-dose laundry detergents, bath salts, Spice, and energy drinks; and the role of poison centers in public health emergencies such as the Fukushima radiation incident.
@article{dart_poisoning_2015,
title = {Poisoning in the {United} {States}: 2012 emergency medicine report of the {National} {Poison} {Data} {System}},
volume = {65},
issn = {1097-6760},
shorttitle = {Poisoning in the {United} {States}},
doi = {10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.11.001},
abstract = {Deaths from drug overdose have become the leading cause of injury death in the United States, where the poison center system is available to provide real-time advice and collect data about a variety of poisonings. In 2012, emergency medical providers were confronted with new poisonings, such as bath salts (substituted cathinones) and Spice (synthetic cannabinoid drugs), as well as continued trends in established poisonings such as from prescription opioids. This article addresses current trends in opioid poisonings; new substances implicated in poisoning cases, including unit-dose laundry detergents, bath salts, Spice, and energy drinks; and the role of poison centers in public health emergencies such as the Fukushima radiation incident.},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
journal = {Annals of Emergency Medicine},
author = {Dart, Richard C. and Bronstein, Alvin C. and Spyker, Daniel A. and Cantilena, Louis R. and Seifert, Steven A. and Heard, Stuart E. and Krenzelok, Edward P.},
month = apr,
year = {2015},
pmid = {25523411},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Analgesics, Opioid, Child, Child, Preschool, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Databases, Factual, Decontamination, Detergents, Emergency Medical Services, Humans, Poison Control Centers, Poisoning, United States, Young Adult},
pages = {416--422}
}Genetics of Bone Mass in Childhood and Adolescence: Effects of Sex and Maturation Interactions. Mitchell, J. A., Chesi, A., Elci, O., McCormack, S. E., Kalkwarf, H. J., Lappe, J. M., Gilsanz, V., Oberfield, S. E., Shepherd, J. A., Kelly, A., Zemel, B. S., & Grant, S. F. A. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research: The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 30(9):1676–1683, September, 2015.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
We aimed to determine if adult bone mineral density (BMD) susceptibility loci were associated with pediatric bone mass and density, and if sex and pubertal stage influenced any association. We analyzed prospective areal BMD (aBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) data from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (n = 603, European ancestry, 54% female). Linear mixed models were used to assess if 77 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near known adult BMD susceptibility loci interacted with sex and pubertal stage to influence the aBMD/BMC; adjusting for age, BMI, physical activity, and dietary calcium. The strongest main association was observed between an SNP near C7orf58 and distal radius aBMD. However, this association had a significant sex • SNP interaction, revealing a significant association only in females (b = -0.32, p = 1.8 × 10(-6)). Furthermore, the C12orf23 locus had significant interactions with both sex and pubertal stage, revealing associations in females during Tanner stage I for total hip aBMD (b = 0.24, p = 0.001) and femoral neck aBMD (b = 0.27, p = 3.0 × 10(-5)). In contrast, the sex • SNP interactions for loci near LRP5 and WNT16 uncovered associations that were only in males for total body less head BMC (b = 0.22, p = 4.4 × 10(-4)) and distal radius aBMD (b = 0.27, p = 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, the LRP5 locus interacted with both sex and pubertal stage, demonstrating associations that were exclusively in males during Tanner V for total hip aBMD (b = 0.29, p = 0.003). In total, significant sex • SNP interactions were found at 15 loci; pubertal stage • SNP interactions at 23 loci and 19 loci interacted with both sex and pubertal stage. In conclusion, variants originally associated with adult BMD influence bone mass in children of European ancestry, highlighting the fact that many of these loci operate early in life. However, the direction and magnitude of associations for a large number of SNPs only became evident when accounting for sex and maturation.
@article{mitchell_genetics_2015,
title = {Genetics of {Bone} {Mass} in {Childhood} and {Adolescence}: {Effects} of {Sex} and {Maturation} {Interactions}},
volume = {30},
issn = {1523-4681},
shorttitle = {Genetics of {Bone} {Mass} in {Childhood} and {Adolescence}},
doi = {10.1002/jbmr.2508},
abstract = {We aimed to determine if adult bone mineral density (BMD) susceptibility loci were associated with pediatric bone mass and density, and if sex and pubertal stage influenced any association. We analyzed prospective areal BMD (aBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) data from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (n = 603, European ancestry, 54\% female). Linear mixed models were used to assess if 77 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near known adult BMD susceptibility loci interacted with sex and pubertal stage to influence the aBMD/BMC; adjusting for age, BMI, physical activity, and dietary calcium. The strongest main association was observed between an SNP near C7orf58 and distal radius aBMD. However, this association had a significant sex • SNP interaction, revealing a significant association only in females (b = -0.32, p = 1.8 × 10(-6)). Furthermore, the C12orf23 locus had significant interactions with both sex and pubertal stage, revealing associations in females during Tanner stage I for total hip aBMD (b = 0.24, p = 0.001) and femoral neck aBMD (b = 0.27, p = 3.0 × 10(-5)). In contrast, the sex • SNP interactions for loci near LRP5 and WNT16 uncovered associations that were only in males for total body less head BMC (b = 0.22, p = 4.4 × 10(-4)) and distal radius aBMD (b = 0.27, p = 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, the LRP5 locus interacted with both sex and pubertal stage, demonstrating associations that were exclusively in males during Tanner V for total hip aBMD (b = 0.29, p = 0.003). In total, significant sex • SNP interactions were found at 15 loci; pubertal stage • SNP interactions at 23 loci and 19 loci interacted with both sex and pubertal stage. In conclusion, variants originally associated with adult BMD influence bone mass in children of European ancestry, highlighting the fact that many of these loci operate early in life. However, the direction and magnitude of associations for a large number of SNPs only became evident when accounting for sex and maturation.},
language = {eng},
number = {9},
journal = {Journal of Bone and Mineral Research: The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research},
author = {Mitchell, Jonathan A. and Chesi, Alessandra and Elci, Okan and McCormack, Shana E. and Kalkwarf, Heidi J. and Lappe, Joan M. and Gilsanz, Vicente and Oberfield, Sharon E. and Shepherd, John A. and Kelly, Andrea and Zemel, Babette S. and Grant, Struan F. A.},
month = sep,
year = {2015},
pmid = {25762182},
pmcid = {PMC4839534},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Bone Density, Bone Development, Bone and Bones, CHILDHOOD, Calcium, Dietary, Child, Child, Preschool, DXA, Densitometry, Female, Fractures, Bone, GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES, GENETIC RESEARCH, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5, Male, PUBERTY, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prospective Studies, Puberty, Sex Factors, United States, Young Adult},
pages = {1676--1683}
}2014 (6)
Hallucinations and negative symptoms differentially revealed by frontal and temporal responses to speech in schizophrenia. Graux, J., Bidet-Caulet, A., Bonnet-Brilhault, F., Camus, V., & Bruneau, N. Schizophrenia Research, 155(1-3):39--44, May, 2014.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia may arise because of aberrant speech perception. We used an electroencephalography method to examine the neural processes underlying speech perception in schizophrenic patients with hallucinations. METHODS: Cortical event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed topographically (scalp potential and scalp current density (SCD) mapping) in response to the vowel /a/ using a passive paradigm in 26 patients with schizophrenia. RESULTS: From the SCD distribution of the P1 peak, we showed that, whereas the hallucination score (PSYRATS) was negatively correlated with the amplitude of the frontal currents, the PANSS negative symptom score was negatively correlated with the amplitude of the temporal currents in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence that AVH and negative symptoms are associated with abnormal early processing of speech. Whereas AVH are related to decreased early frontal activation, negative symptoms are associated with a reduced early temporal response.
@article{ graux_hallucinations_2014,
title = {Hallucinations and negative symptoms differentially revealed by frontal and temporal responses to speech in schizophrenia},
volume = {155},
issn = {1573-2509},
doi = {10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.007},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia may arise because of aberrant speech perception. We used an electroencephalography method to examine the neural processes underlying speech perception in schizophrenic patients with hallucinations.
METHODS: Cortical event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed topographically (scalp potential and scalp current density (SCD) mapping) in response to the vowel /a/ using a passive paradigm in 26 patients with schizophrenia.
RESULTS: From the SCD distribution of the P1 peak, we showed that, whereas the hallucination score (PSYRATS) was negatively correlated with the amplitude of the frontal currents, the PANSS negative symptom score was negatively correlated with the amplitude of the temporal currents in patients with schizophrenia.
CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence that AVH and negative symptoms are associated with abnormal early processing of speech. Whereas AVH are related to decreased early frontal activation, negative symptoms are associated with a reduced early temporal response.},
language = {eng},
number = {1-3},
journal = {Schizophrenia Research},
author = {Graux, Jérôme and Bidet-Caulet, Aurélie and Bonnet-Brilhault, Frédérique and Camus, Vincent and Bruneau, Nicole},
month = {May},
year = {2014},
pmid = {24703528},
keywords = {Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Female, Frontal Lobe, Hallucinations, Humans, Male, Schizophrenia, Speech Perception, Temporal Lobe, Young Adult},
pages = {39--44}
}Echocardiography screening of siblings of children with bicuspid aortic valve. Hales, A. & Mahle, W. Pediatrics, 133(5):e1212–e1217, May, 2014.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Left heart defects, such as bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), are heritable. Consensus guidelines have recommended echocardiographic screening of first-degree relatives. The utility of this approach in siblings of children with BAV is not known. The objective of this study is to evaluate the yield of routine screening of siblings of children with BAV and undertake an economic analysis of this practice. METHODS: Siblings of children with BAV who underwent echocardiographic screening in a single pediatric cardiology practice were identified. The anatomic features and hemodynamics of siblings newly diagnosed with BAV were recorded. A Markov model was constructed to determine cost-effectiveness ratios, and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: There were 207 screened siblings of 181 children with BAV. The median age at screening was 7 years. BAV was identified in 21 (10.1%) of siblings screened. The median peak Doppler gradient was 18 mm Hg. Aortic insufficiency was mild or less in all. The mean cost to diagnose BAV in a sibling was \$2109 per new case found. The estimated mean cost to avert a single aortic dissection in the third or fourth decade of life was \$363 911. The estimated cost per life-year saved was \$74 884 and ranged from \$17 461 to \$1 136 536 in sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Echo screening among siblings of those with BAV is effective and inexpensive and may lower the risk of the complications of such as dissection, although it comes at a moderate cost relative to benefits gained. Screening of siblings should be incorporated into clinical care.
@article{hales_echocardiography_2014,
title = {Echocardiography screening of siblings of children with bicuspid aortic valve.},
volume = {133},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24709923},
doi = {10.1542/peds.2013-3051},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Left heart defects, such as bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), are heritable. Consensus guidelines have recommended echocardiographic screening of first-degree relatives. The utility of this approach in siblings of children with BAV is not known. The objective of this study is to evaluate the yield of routine screening of siblings of children with BAV and undertake an economic analysis of this practice. METHODS: Siblings of children with BAV who underwent echocardiographic screening in a single pediatric cardiology practice were identified. The anatomic features and hemodynamics of siblings newly diagnosed with BAV were recorded. A Markov model was constructed to determine cost-effectiveness ratios, and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: There were 207 screened siblings of 181 children with BAV. The median age at screening was 7 years. BAV was identified in 21 (10.1\%) of siblings screened. The median peak Doppler gradient was 18 mm Hg. Aortic insufficiency was mild or less in all. The mean cost to diagnose BAV in a sibling was \$2109 per new case found. The estimated mean cost to avert a single aortic dissection in the third or fourth decade of life was \$363 911. The estimated cost per life-year saved was \$74 884 and ranged from \$17 461 to \$1 136 536 in sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Echo screening among siblings of those with BAV is effective and inexpensive and may lower the risk of the complications of such as dissection, although it comes at a moderate cost relative to benefits gained. Screening of siblings should be incorporated into clinical care.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {Pediatrics},
author = {Hales, AR and Mahle, WT},
month = may,
year = {2014},
keywords = {Young Adult},
pages = {e1212--e1217}
}Why people drink shampoo? Food Imitating Products are fooling brains and endangering consumers for marketing purposes. Basso, F., Robert-Demontrond, P., Hayek, M., Anton, J., Nazarian, B., Roth, M., & Oullier, O. PloS One, 9(9):e100368, 2014.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
A Food Imitating Product (FIP) is a household cleaner or a personal care product that exhibits food attributes in order to enrich consumption experience. As revealed by many cases worldwide, such a marketing strategy led to unintentional self-poisonings and deaths. FIPs therefore constitute a very serious health and public policy issue. To understand why FIPs are a threat, we first conducted a qualitative analysis on real-life cases of household cleaners and personal care products-related phone calls at a poison control center followed by a behavioral experiment. Unintentional self-poisoning in the home following the accidental ingestion of a hygiene product by a healthy adult is very likely to result from these products being packaged like foodstuffs. Our hypothesis is that FIPs are non-verbal food metaphors that could fool the brain of consumers. We therefore conducted a subsequent functional neuroimaging (fMRI) experiment that revealed how visual processing of FIPs leads to cortical taste inferences. Considered in the grounded cognition perspective, the results of our studies reveal that healthy adults can unintentionally categorize a personal care product as something edible when a food-like package is employed to market nonedible and/or dangerous products. Our methodology combining field (qualitative) and laboratory (behavioral and functional neuroimaging) findings could be of particular relevance for policy makers, as it can help screening products prior to their market release--e.g. the way they are packaged and how they can potentially confuse the mind of consumers--and therefore save lives.
@article{basso_why_2014,
title = {Why people drink shampoo? {Food} {Imitating} {Products} are fooling brains and endangering consumers for marketing purposes},
volume = {9},
issn = {1932-6203},
shorttitle = {Why people drink shampoo?},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0100368},
abstract = {A Food Imitating Product (FIP) is a household cleaner or a personal care product that exhibits food attributes in order to enrich consumption experience. As revealed by many cases worldwide, such a marketing strategy led to unintentional self-poisonings and deaths. FIPs therefore constitute a very serious health and public policy issue. To understand why FIPs are a threat, we first conducted a qualitative analysis on real-life cases of household cleaners and personal care products-related phone calls at a poison control center followed by a behavioral experiment. Unintentional self-poisoning in the home following the accidental ingestion of a hygiene product by a healthy adult is very likely to result from these products being packaged like foodstuffs. Our hypothesis is that FIPs are non-verbal food metaphors that could fool the brain of consumers. We therefore conducted a subsequent functional neuroimaging (fMRI) experiment that revealed how visual processing of FIPs leads to cortical taste inferences. Considered in the grounded cognition perspective, the results of our studies reveal that healthy adults can unintentionally categorize a personal care product as something edible when a food-like package is employed to market nonedible and/or dangerous products. Our methodology combining field (qualitative) and laboratory (behavioral and functional neuroimaging) findings could be of particular relevance for policy makers, as it can help screening products prior to their market release--e.g. the way they are packaged and how they can potentially confuse the mind of consumers--and therefore save lives.},
language = {eng},
number = {9},
journal = {PloS One},
author = {Basso, Frédéric and Robert-Demontrond, Philippe and Hayek, Maryvonne and Anton, Jean-Luc and Nazarian, Bruno and Roth, Muriel and Oullier, Olivier},
year = {2014},
pmid = {25207971},
pmcid = {PMC4160172},
keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Behavior, Brain, Cosmetics, Drinking, Female, Food, Functional Neuroimaging, Hair Preparations, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Marketing, Middle Aged, Poison Control Centers, Public Health, Safety, Young Adult},
pages = {e100368}
}Towards the development of a wearable feedback system for monitoring the activities of the upper-extremities. Xiao, Z., G. & Menon, C. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 11:2, 1, 2014.
![Towards the development of a wearable feedback system for monitoring the activities of the upper-extremities. [pdf]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg "pdf")
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: Body motion data registered by wearable sensors can provide objective feedback to patients on the effectiveness of the rehabilitation interventions they undergo. Such a feedback may motivate patients to keep increasing the amount of exercise they perform, thus facilitating their recovery during physical rehabilitation therapy. In this work, we propose a novel wearable and affordable system which can predict different postures of the upper-extremities by classifying force myographic (FMG) signals of the forearm in real-time.
METHODS: An easy to use force sensor resistor (FSR) strap to extract the upper-extremities FMG signals was prototyped. The FSR strap was designed to be placed on the proximal portion of the forearm and capture the activities of the main muscle groups with eight force input channels. The non-kernel based extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier with sigmoid based function was implemented for real-time classification due to its fast learning characteristics. A test protocol was designed to classify in real-time six upper-extremities postures that are needed to successfully complete a drinking task, which is a functional exercise often used in constraint-induced movement therapy. Six healthy volunteers participated in the test. Each participant repeated the drinking task three times. FMG data and classification results were recorded for analysis.
RESULTS: The obtained results confirmed that the FMG data captured from the FSR strap produced distinct patterns for the selected upper-extremities postures of the drinking task. With the use of the non-kernel based ELM, the postures associated to the drinking task were predicted in real-time with an average overall accuracy of 92.33% and standard deviation of 3.19%.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the proposed wearable FSR strap was able to detect eight FMG signals from the forearm. In addition, the implemented ELM algorithm was able to correctly classify in real-time six postures associated to the drinking task. The obtained results therefore point out that the proposed system has potential for providing instant feedback during functional rehabilitation exercises.
@article{
title = {Towards the development of a wearable feedback system for monitoring the activities of the upper-extremities.},
type = {article},
year = {2014},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adult,Artificial Intelligence,Electromyography,Feedback,Forearm,Humans,Male,Physical Therapy Modalities,Physical Therapy Modalities: instrumentation,Sensory,Sensory: physiology,Young Adult},
pages = {2},
volume = {11},
websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3892128&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
month = {1},
id = {95a75b4a-9a81-3c69-a40b-9066758975a4},
created = {2016-04-14T18:18:13.000Z},
file_attached = {true},
profile_id = {d28af011-5164-3af4-8522-822cff4de1eb},
group_id = {e39cd875-9ef8-3fee-ad92-c9d084a63048},
last_modified = {2017-10-14T23:14:08.263Z},
read = {true},
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citation_key = {Xiao2014},
folder_uuids = {dc34bb65-a794-457d-b88a-9687552166f4},
private_publication = {false},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Body motion data registered by wearable sensors can provide objective feedback to patients on the effectiveness of the rehabilitation interventions they undergo. Such a feedback may motivate patients to keep increasing the amount of exercise they perform, thus facilitating their recovery during physical rehabilitation therapy. In this work, we propose a novel wearable and affordable system which can predict different postures of the upper-extremities by classifying force myographic (FMG) signals of the forearm in real-time.
METHODS: An easy to use force sensor resistor (FSR) strap to extract the upper-extremities FMG signals was prototyped. The FSR strap was designed to be placed on the proximal portion of the forearm and capture the activities of the main muscle groups with eight force input channels. The non-kernel based extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier with sigmoid based function was implemented for real-time classification due to its fast learning characteristics. A test protocol was designed to classify in real-time six upper-extremities postures that are needed to successfully complete a drinking task, which is a functional exercise often used in constraint-induced movement therapy. Six healthy volunteers participated in the test. Each participant repeated the drinking task three times. FMG data and classification results were recorded for analysis.
RESULTS: The obtained results confirmed that the FMG data captured from the FSR strap produced distinct patterns for the selected upper-extremities postures of the drinking task. With the use of the non-kernel based ELM, the postures associated to the drinking task were predicted in real-time with an average overall accuracy of 92.33% and standard deviation of 3.19%.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the proposed wearable FSR strap was able to detect eight FMG signals from the forearm. In addition, the implemented ELM algorithm was able to correctly classify in real-time six postures associated to the drinking task. The obtained results therefore point out that the proposed system has potential for providing instant feedback during functional rehabilitation exercises.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Xiao, Zhen G and Menon, Carlo},
journal = {Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation}
}Serum hepcidin levels in Bulgarian population. Manolov, V. E., Atanasova, B. D., Velizarova, M. G., Vasilev, V. G., & Tzatchev, K. N. Clinical Laboratory, 60(12):2001--2006, 2014.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Hepcidin is a 25-aminoacid cysteine-rich iron regulating peptide. Hepcidin quantification in human serum provides new insights for the pathogenesis of disorders of iron homeostasis. This study describes an ELISA immunoassay for hepcidin quantification in human serum and reference ranges for Bulgarian population. METHODS: We used a sandwich ELISA method from USCN Life Science inc. that consists of ready to use, pre-coated 96-well strip plate with 2 antihepcidin-25 monoclonal antibodies. A recombinant Hepcidin in 16 μg/L concentration is used as a standard. We correlated ELISA results of hepcidin-25 measurements in healthy population to ferritin, hemoglobin concentration in reticulocytes, transferrin, and iron levels. RESULTS: The sandwich ELISA was highly specific for hepcidin-25. We found that serum hepcidin levels for Bulgarian population are 3.052 μg/L - 37.750 μg/L, which is quite similar to that established by WCX-TOF MS from the Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases; Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Radbound University Medical Centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Ferritin levels and hemoglobin concentration in reticulocytes correlated significantly to serum hepcidin levels (0.3 \textless r \textless 0.5, p \textless 0.010). Transferrin levels showed negative and no significant correlation to hepcidin in serum (r = -0.111). CONCLUSIONS: The use of two monoclonal antibodies in a sandwich ELISA format provides a reliable, reproducible, and not very expensive method for measuring serum concentrations of the bioactive form of hepcidin in Bulgarian laboratory practice.
@article{manolov_serum_2014,
title = {Serum hepcidin levels in {Bulgarian} population},
volume = {60},
issn = {1433-6510},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hepcidin is a 25-aminoacid cysteine-rich iron regulating peptide. Hepcidin quantification in human serum provides new insights for the pathogenesis of disorders of iron homeostasis. This study describes an ELISA immunoassay for hepcidin quantification in human serum and reference ranges for Bulgarian population.
METHODS: We used a sandwich ELISA method from USCN Life Science inc. that consists of ready to use, pre-coated 96-well strip plate with 2 antihepcidin-25 monoclonal antibodies. A recombinant Hepcidin in 16 μg/L concentration is used as a standard. We correlated ELISA results of hepcidin-25 measurements in healthy population to ferritin, hemoglobin concentration in reticulocytes, transferrin, and iron levels.
RESULTS: The sandwich ELISA was highly specific for hepcidin-25. We found that serum hepcidin levels for Bulgarian population are 3.052 μg/L - 37.750 μg/L, which is quite similar to that established by WCX-TOF MS from the Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases; Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Radbound University Medical Centre; Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Ferritin levels and hemoglobin concentration in reticulocytes correlated significantly to serum hepcidin levels (0.3 {\textless} r {\textless} 0.5, p {\textless} 0.010). Transferrin levels showed negative and no significant correlation to hepcidin in serum (r = -0.111).
CONCLUSIONS: The use of two monoclonal antibodies in a sandwich ELISA format provides a reliable, reproducible, and not very expensive method for measuring serum concentrations of the bioactive form of hepcidin in Bulgarian laboratory practice.},
language = {eng},
number = {12},
journal = {Clinical Laboratory},
author = {Manolov, Victor Em and Atanasova, Bisera D. and Velizarova, Milena G. and Vasilev, Vasil G. and Tzatchev, Kamen N.},
year = {2014},
pmid = {25651734},
keywords = {Adult, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Biological Markers, Bulgaria, Calibration, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Hepcidins, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Reference Standards, Reference Values, Young Adult},
pages = {2001--2006}
}Novel electrocardiographic screening criterion for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children. Brothers, M., Oster, M., Ehrlich, A, Strieper, M., & Mahle, W. Am J Cardiol, 113(7):1246–1249, April, 2014.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Electrocardiography is often advocated as a screening tool in children for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). We sought to establish an electrocardiographic screening tool to identify children with HC. We hypothesized that a pediatric-specific electrocardiographic criterion would perform better than the popular criteria used for screening children for left ventricular hypertrophy and HC. The earliest available electrocardiogram for children (n=108) with HC (ages 7 to 21 yrs) was reviewed. We sought to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 4 screening algorithms: (1) Sokolow-Lyon criterion (SV1+RV5/RV6\textgreater35 mm), (2) Cornell criterion (RaVL+SV3\textgreater28 mm in men, 20 mm in women), (3) total 12-lead voltage criterion (R wave to the nadir of Q/S wave\textgreater175 mm), and (4) pediatric-specific criterion (RaVL+SV2\textgreater23 mm). The same criteria were applied to a cohort of age-matched and gender-matched controls without cardiac disease. Statistically significant correlations were found between children with HC and positive screen using all 4 criteria. However, comparison of receiver operating characteristic demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.67 for Sokolow-Lyon criterion, 0.70 for Cornell criterion, 0.83 for total 12-lead criterion, and 0.82 for pediatric-specific criterion. Pediatric-specific criterion had superior sensitivity in gene-positive children and superior overall specificity than total 12-lead criterion. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the pediatric-specific criterion employing leads RaVL+SV2 is more accurate in identifying children with HC in comparison with other popular screening criteria.
@article{brothers_novel_2014,
title = {Novel electrocardiographic screening criterion for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children.},
volume = {113},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24513471},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.12.039},
abstract = {Electrocardiography is often advocated as a screening tool in children for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). We sought to establish an electrocardiographic screening tool to identify children with HC. We hypothesized that a pediatric-specific electrocardiographic criterion would perform better than the popular criteria used for screening children for left ventricular hypertrophy and HC. The earliest available electrocardiogram for children (n=108) with HC (ages 7 to 21 yrs) was reviewed. We sought to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 4 screening algorithms: (1) Sokolow-Lyon criterion (SV1+RV5/RV6{\textgreater}35 mm), (2) Cornell criterion (RaVL+SV3{\textgreater}28 mm in men, 20 mm in women), (3) total 12-lead voltage criterion (R wave to the nadir of Q/S wave{\textgreater}175 mm), and (4) pediatric-specific criterion (RaVL+SV2{\textgreater}23 mm). The same criteria were applied to a cohort of age-matched and gender-matched controls without cardiac disease. Statistically significant correlations were found between children with HC and positive screen using all 4 criteria. However, comparison of receiver operating characteristic demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.67 for Sokolow-Lyon criterion, 0.70 for Cornell criterion, 0.83 for total 12-lead criterion, and 0.82 for pediatric-specific criterion. Pediatric-specific criterion had superior sensitivity in gene-positive children and superior overall specificity than total 12-lead criterion. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the pediatric-specific criterion employing leads RaVL+SV2 is more accurate in identifying children with HC in comparison with other popular screening criteria.},
language = {eng},
number = {7},
journal = {Am J Cardiol},
author = {Brothers, MB and Oster, ME and Ehrlich, A and Strieper, MJ and Mahle, WT},
month = apr,
year = {2014},
keywords = {Young Adult},
pages = {1246--1249}
}2013 (12)
Are forward and backward recall the same? A dual-task study of digit recall. St Clair-Thompson, H., L. & Allen, R., J. Memory & cognition, 41(4):519-32, 2013.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex There is some debate surrounding the cognitive resources underlying backward digit recall. Some researchers consider it to differ from forward digit recall due to the involvement of executive control, while others suggest that backward recall involves visuospatial resources. Five experiments therefore investigated the role of executive-attentional and visuospatial resources in both forward and backward digit recall. In the first, participants completed visuospatial 0-back and 2-back tasks during the encoding of information to be remembered. The concurrent tasks did not differentially disrupt performance on backward digit recall, relative to forward digit recall. Experiment 2 shifted concurrent load to the recall phase instead and, in this case, revealed a larger effect of both tasks on backward recall, relative to forwards recall, suggesting that backward recall may draw on additional resources during the recall phase and that these resources are visuospatial in nature. Experiments 3 and 4 then further investigated the role of visual processes in forward and backward recall using dynamic visual noise (DVN). In Experiment 3, DVN was presented during encoding of information to be remembered and had no effect upon performance. However, in Experiment 4, it was presented during the recall phase, and the results provided evidence of a role for visual imagery in backward digit recall. These results were replicated in Experiment 5, in which the same list length was used for forward and backward recall tasks. The findings are discussed in terms of both theoretical and practical implications.
@article{
title = {Are forward and backward recall the same? A dual-task study of digit recall.},
type = {article},
year = {2013},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adult,Attention,Attention: physiology,Executive Function,Executive Function: physiology,Humans,Mathematical Concepts,Mental Recall,Mental Recall: physiology,Space Perception,Space Perception: physiology,Young Adult},
pages = {519-32},
volume = {41},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263876},
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confirmed = {true},
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abstract = {There is some debate surrounding the cognitive resources underlying backward digit recall. Some researchers consider it to differ from forward digit recall due to the involvement of executive control, while others suggest that backward recall involves visuospatial resources. Five experiments therefore investigated the role of executive-attentional and visuospatial resources in both forward and backward digit recall. In the first, participants completed visuospatial 0-back and 2-back tasks during the encoding of information to be remembered. The concurrent tasks did not differentially disrupt performance on backward digit recall, relative to forward digit recall. Experiment 2 shifted concurrent load to the recall phase instead and, in this case, revealed a larger effect of both tasks on backward recall, relative to forwards recall, suggesting that backward recall may draw on additional resources during the recall phase and that these resources are visuospatial in nature. Experiments 3 and 4 then further investigated the role of visual processes in forward and backward recall using dynamic visual noise (DVN). In Experiment 3, DVN was presented during encoding of information to be remembered and had no effect upon performance. However, in Experiment 4, it was presented during the recall phase, and the results provided evidence of a role for visual imagery in backward digit recall. These results were replicated in Experiment 5, in which the same list length was used for forward and backward recall tasks. The findings are discussed in terms of both theoretical and practical implications.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {St Clair-Thompson, H. L. and Allen, R. J.},
journal = {Memory & cognition},
number = {4}
}A multi-center retrospective analysis of treatment effects and quality of life in adult patients with cranial ependymomas. Dützmann, S., Schatlo, B., Lobrinus, A., Murek, M., Wostrack, M., Weiss, C., Schaller, K., Raabe, A., Meyer, B., Goldbrunner, R., Franz, K., Seifert, V., & Senft, C. Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 114(3):319-27, 9, 2013.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Long term quality of life data of adult patients harboring intracranial ependymomas have not been reported. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy in Grade II ependymomas is unclear and differs from study to study. We therefore sought to retrospectively analyze outcome and quality of life of adult patients that were operated on intracranial ependymomas at four different surgical centers in two countries. All patients were attempted to be contacted via telephone to assess quality of life (QoL) at the time of the telephone interview. The standard EORTC QoL Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EORTC QLQ-Brain Cancer Module (QLQ-BN20) were used. 64 adult patients with intracranial ependymomas were included in the study. The only factor that was associated with increased survival was age <55 years (p < 0.001). Supratentorial location was correlated with shorter progression free survival than infratentorial location (PFS; p = 0.048). In WHO Grade II tumors local irradiation did not lead to increased PFS (p = 0.888) or overall survival (p = 0.801). Even for incompletely resected Grade II tumors local irradiation did not lead to a benefit in PFS (p = 0.911). In a multivariate analysis of QoL, irradiated patients had significantly worse scores in the item "fatigue" (p = 0.037) than non-irradiated patients. Here we present QoL data of adult patients with intracranial ependymomas. Our data show that local radiation therapy may have long-term effects on patients' QoL. Since in the incompletely resected Grade II tumors local irradiation did not lead to a benefit in PFS in this retrospective study, prospective randomized studies are necessary. In addition to age, supratentorial tumor location is associated with a worse prognosis in adult ependymoma patients.
@article{
title = {A multi-center retrospective analysis of treatment effects and quality of life in adult patients with cranial ependymomas},
type = {article},
year = {2013},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adult,Aged,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: mortality,Brain Neoplasms: pathology,Brain Neoplasms: therapy,Combined Modality Therapy,Cranial Irradiation,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: mortality,Ependymoma: pathology,Ependymoma: therapy,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Neurosurgical Procedures,Prognosis,Quality of Life,Retrospective Studies,Survival Rate,Young Adult},
pages = {319-27},
volume = {114},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23813228},
month = {9},
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abstract = {Long term quality of life data of adult patients harboring intracranial ependymomas have not been reported. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy in Grade II ependymomas is unclear and differs from study to study. We therefore sought to retrospectively analyze outcome and quality of life of adult patients that were operated on intracranial ependymomas at four different surgical centers in two countries. All patients were attempted to be contacted via telephone to assess quality of life (QoL) at the time of the telephone interview. The standard EORTC QoL Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EORTC QLQ-Brain Cancer Module (QLQ-BN20) were used. 64 adult patients with intracranial ependymomas were included in the study. The only factor that was associated with increased survival was age <55 years (p < 0.001). Supratentorial location was correlated with shorter progression free survival than infratentorial location (PFS; p = 0.048). In WHO Grade II tumors local irradiation did not lead to increased PFS (p = 0.888) or overall survival (p = 0.801). Even for incompletely resected Grade II tumors local irradiation did not lead to a benefit in PFS (p = 0.911). In a multivariate analysis of QoL, irradiated patients had significantly worse scores in the item "fatigue" (p = 0.037) than non-irradiated patients. Here we present QoL data of adult patients with intracranial ependymomas. Our data show that local radiation therapy may have long-term effects on patients' QoL. Since in the incompletely resected Grade II tumors local irradiation did not lead to a benefit in PFS in this retrospective study, prospective randomized studies are necessary. In addition to age, supratentorial tumor location is associated with a worse prognosis in adult ependymoma patients.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Dützmann, Stephan and Schatlo, Bawarjan and Lobrinus, Alexander and Murek, Michael and Wostrack, Maria and Weiss, Carolin and Schaller, Karl and Raabe, Andreas and Meyer, Bernhard and Goldbrunner, Roland and Franz, Kea and Seifert, Volker and Senft, Christian},
journal = {Journal of Neuro-Oncology},
number = {3}
}Identification of a new cyclovirus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute central nervous system infections. Tan, L. V., van Doorn, H. R., Nghia, H. D. T., Chau, T. T. H., Tu, L. T. P., de Vries, M., Canuti, M., Deijs, M., Jebbink, M. F., Baker, S., Bryant, J. E., Tham, N. T., BKrong, N. T. T. C., Boni, M. F., Loi, T. Q., Phuong, L. T., Verhoeven, J. T. P., Crusat, M., Jeeninga, R. E., Schultsz, C., Chau, N. V. V., Hien, T. T., van der Hoek, L., Farrar, J., & de Jong, M. D. mBio, 4(3):e00231–00213, June, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Acute central nervous system (CNS) infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, but the etiology remains unknown in a large proportion of cases. We identified and characterized the full genome of a novel cyclovirus (tentatively named cyclovirus-Vietnam [CyCV-VN]) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of two Vietnamese patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology. CyCV-VN was subsequently detected in 4% of 642 CSF specimens from Vietnamese patients with suspected CNS infections and none of 122 CSFs from patients with noninfectious neurological disorders. Detection rates were similar in patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology and those in whom other pathogens were detected. A similar detection rate in feces from healthy children suggested food-borne or orofecal transmission routes, while high detection rates in feces from pigs and poultry (average, 58%) suggested the existence of animal reservoirs for such transmission. Further research is needed to address the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this novel, potentially zoonotic virus.
@article{tan_identification_2013,
title = {Identification of a new cyclovirus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute central nervous system infections.},
volume = {4},
issn = {2150-7511},
doi = {10.1128/mBio.00231-13},
abstract = {Acute central nervous system (CNS) infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, but the etiology remains unknown in a large proportion of cases. We identified and characterized the full genome of a novel cyclovirus (tentatively named cyclovirus-Vietnam [CyCV-VN]) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of two Vietnamese patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology. CyCV-VN was subsequently detected in 4\% of 642 CSF specimens from Vietnamese patients with suspected CNS infections and none of 122 CSFs from patients with noninfectious neurological disorders. Detection rates were similar in patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology and those in whom other pathogens were detected. A similar detection rate in feces from healthy children suggested food-borne or orofecal transmission routes, while high detection rates in feces from pigs and poultry (average, 58\%) suggested the existence of animal reservoirs for such transmission. Further research is needed to address the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this novel, potentially zoonotic virus.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {mBio},
author = {Tan, Le Van and van Doorn, H. Rogier and Nghia, Ho Dang Trung and Chau, Tran Thi Hong and Tu, Le Thi Phuong and de Vries, Michel and Canuti, Marta and Deijs, Martin and Jebbink, Maarten F. and Baker, Stephen and Bryant, Juliet E. and Tham, Nguyen Thi and BKrong, Nguyen Thi Thuy Chinh and Boni, Maciej F. and Loi, Tran Quoc and Phuong, Le Thi and Verhoeven, Joost T. P. and Crusat, Martin and Jeeninga, Rienk E. and Schultsz, Constance and Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh and Hien, Tran Tinh and van der Hoek, Lia and Farrar, Jeremy and de Jong, Menno D.},
month = jun,
year = {2013},
pmid = {23781068},
pmcid = {PMC3684831},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Central Nervous System Infections/epidemiology/*virology, Child, Child, Preschool, Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology/*virology, Circoviridae/*classification/genetics/*isolation \& purification, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics, Female, Genome, Viral, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vietnam, Young Adult},
pages = {e00231--00213},
}Features of cancer in teenagers and young adults in primary care: a population-based nested case-control study. Dommett, R. M., Redaniel, M. T., Stevens, M. C. G., Hamilton, W., & Martin, R. M. British Journal of Cancer, 108(11):2329--2333, June, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Teenagers and young adults (TYA, 15-24 years) diagnosed with cancer report repeated visits to primary care before referral. We investigated associations of symptoms and consultation frequency in primary care with TYA cancers. METHODS: Population-based, case-control study was carried out using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). A total of 1064 TYA diagnosed with cancer were matched to 13,206 controls. Symptoms independently associated with specific cancers were identified. Likelihood ratios (LRs) and positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated. RESULTS: In the 3 months before diagnosis, 397 (42.9%) cases consulted \textgreater or =4 times vs 593(11.5%) controls (odds ratio (OR): 12.1; 95% CI: 9.7, 15.1), yielding a PPV for any cancer of 0.018%. The LR of lymphoma with a head/neck mass was 434 (95% CI: 60, 3158), with a PPV of 0.5%. Corresponding figures in other cancers included - LR of leukaemia with lymphadenopathy (any site): 29 (95% CI: 8, 112), PPV 0.015%; LR of CNS tumour with seizure: 56 (95% CI: 19, 163), PPV 0.024%; and LR of sarcoma with lump/mass/swelling: 79 (95% CI: 24, 264), PPV 0.042%. CONCLUSION: Teenagers and young adults with cancer consulted more frequently than controls in the 3 months before diagnosis. Primary care features of cancer match secondary care reports, but were of very low risk; nonetheless, some features increased the likelihood of cancer substantially and should be taken seriously when assessing TYA.
@article{dommett_features_2013,
title = {Features of cancer in teenagers and young adults in primary care: a population-based nested case-control study},
volume = {108},
issn = {1532-1827},
shorttitle = {Features of cancer in teenagers and young adults in primary care},
doi = {10.1038/bjc.2013.191},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Teenagers and young adults (TYA, 15-24 years) diagnosed with cancer report repeated visits to primary care before referral. We investigated associations of symptoms and consultation frequency in primary care with TYA cancers.
METHODS: Population-based, case-control study was carried out using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). A total of 1064 TYA diagnosed with cancer were matched to 13,206 controls. Symptoms independently associated with specific cancers were identified. Likelihood ratios (LRs) and positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated.
RESULTS: In the 3 months before diagnosis, 397 (42.9\%) cases consulted {\textgreater} or =4 times vs 593(11.5\%) controls (odds ratio (OR): 12.1; 95\% CI: 9.7, 15.1), yielding a PPV for any cancer of 0.018\%. The LR of lymphoma with a head/neck mass was 434 (95\% CI: 60, 3158), with a PPV of 0.5\%. Corresponding figures in other cancers included - LR of leukaemia with lymphadenopathy (any site): 29 (95\% CI: 8, 112), PPV 0.015\%; LR of CNS tumour with seizure: 56 (95\% CI: 19, 163), PPV 0.024\%; and LR of sarcoma with lump/mass/swelling: 79 (95\% CI: 24, 264), PPV 0.042\%.
CONCLUSION: Teenagers and young adults with cancer consulted more frequently than controls in the 3 months before diagnosis. Primary care features of cancer match secondary care reports, but were of very low risk; nonetheless, some features increased the likelihood of cancer substantially and should be taken seriously when assessing TYA.},
language = {eng},
number = {11},
journal = {British Journal of Cancer},
author = {Dommett, R. M. and Redaniel, M. T. and Stevens, M. C. G. and Hamilton, W. and Martin, R. M.},
month = jun,
year = {2013},
pmid = {23619924},
pmcid = {PMC3681013},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Great Britain, Humans, Neoplasms, Primary Health Care, Referral and Consultation, Risk, Young Adult},
pages = {2329--2333}
}The incidence of first venous thromboembolism in and around pregnancy using linked primary and secondary care data: a population based cohort study from England and comparative meta-analysis. Abdul Sultan, A., Tata, L. J., Grainge, M. J., & West, J. PloS One, 8(7):e70310, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Recent linkage between primary and secondary care data has provided valuable information for studying heath outcomes that may initially present in different health care settings. The aim of this study was therefore, twofold: to use linked primary and secondary care data to determine an optimum definition for estimating the incidence of first VTE in and around pregnancy; and secondly to conduct a systematic literature review of studies on perinatal VTE incidence with the purpose of comparing our estimates. METHODS: We used primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), which incorporates linkages to secondary care contained within Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) between 1997 and 2010 to estimate the incidence rate of VTE in the antepartum and postpartum period. We systematically searched the literature on the incidence of VTE during antepartum and postpartum periods and performed a meta-analysis to provide comparison. FINDINGS: Using combined CPRD and HES data and a restrictive VTE definition, the absolute rate during the antepartum period and first six weeks postpartum (early postpartum) were 99 (95%CI 85-116) and 468 (95%CI 391-561) per 100,000 person-years respectively. These were comparable to the pooled estimates from our meta-analysis (using studies after 2005) during the antepartum period (118/100,000 person-years) and early postpartum (424/100,000 person-years). When we used only secondary care data to identify VTE events, incidence was lower during the early postpartum period (308/100,000 person-years), whereas relying only on primary care data lead to lower incidence during the time around delivery, but higher rates during the postpartum period (558/100,000 person-years). CONCLUSION: Using combined CPRD and HES data gives estimates of the risk of VTE in and around pregnancy that are comparable to the existing literature. It also provides more accurate estimation of the date of VTE diagnosis which will allow risk stratification during specific pregnancy and postpartum periods.
@article{abdul_sultan_incidence_2013,
title = {The incidence of first venous thromboembolism in and around pregnancy using linked primary and secondary care data: a population based cohort study from {England} and comparative meta-analysis},
volume = {8},
issn = {1932-6203},
shorttitle = {The incidence of first venous thromboembolism in and around pregnancy using linked primary and secondary care data},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0070310},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recent linkage between primary and secondary care data has provided valuable information for studying heath outcomes that may initially present in different health care settings. The aim of this study was therefore, twofold: to use linked primary and secondary care data to determine an optimum definition for estimating the incidence of first VTE in and around pregnancy; and secondly to conduct a systematic literature review of studies on perinatal VTE incidence with the purpose of comparing our estimates.
METHODS: We used primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), which incorporates linkages to secondary care contained within Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) between 1997 and 2010 to estimate the incidence rate of VTE in the antepartum and postpartum period. We systematically searched the literature on the incidence of VTE during antepartum and postpartum periods and performed a meta-analysis to provide comparison.
FINDINGS: Using combined CPRD and HES data and a restrictive VTE definition, the absolute rate during the antepartum period and first six weeks postpartum (early postpartum) were 99 (95\%CI 85-116) and 468 (95\%CI 391-561) per 100,000 person-years respectively. These were comparable to the pooled estimates from our meta-analysis (using studies after 2005) during the antepartum period (118/100,000 person-years) and early postpartum (424/100,000 person-years). When we used only secondary care data to identify VTE events, incidence was lower during the early postpartum period (308/100,000 person-years), whereas relying only on primary care data lead to lower incidence during the time around delivery, but higher rates during the postpartum period (558/100,000 person-years).
CONCLUSION: Using combined CPRD and HES data gives estimates of the risk of VTE in and around pregnancy that are comparable to the existing literature. It also provides more accurate estimation of the date of VTE diagnosis which will allow risk stratification during specific pregnancy and postpartum periods.},
language = {eng},
number = {7},
journal = {PloS One},
author = {Abdul Sultan, Alyshah and Tata, Laila J. and Grainge, Matthew J. and West, Joe},
year = {2013},
pmid = {23922975},
pmcid = {PMC3726432},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Cohort Studies, England, Female, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic, Primary Health Care, Public Health Surveillance, Secondary Care, Venous Thromboembolism, Young Adult, incidence, pregnancy},
pages = {e70310}
}Hemodynamic phenotype of the failing Fontan in an adult population. Hebson, C., McCabe, N., Elder, R., Mahle, W., McConnell, M, Kogon, B., Veledar, E, Jokhadar, M, Vincent, R., Sahu, A, & Book, W. American Journal of Cardiology, 112(12):1943–1947, December, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Fontan failure can occur even with normal systolic ventricular function and often in the context of significant liver disease. We hypothesized that Fontan failure is hemodynamically distinct from traditional heart failure and characterized by low systemic vascular resistance (SVR) index and preserved cardiac index. Twenty-seven symptomatic adult Fontan (SAF) patients who underwent catheterization from 2001 to 2011 constituted our study group. Fifty-four predominantly asymptomatic pediatric Fontan (PF) patients who underwent catheterization during the same period were randomly selected to perform a control:case cohort analysis. Clinical comparisons were made between the 2 groups. The adults were more symptomatic than the PF cohort (New York Heart Association classes I and II or III and IV: 48% or 52% [SAF] vs 94% or 6% [PF], respectively, p \textless0.01). SAF versus PF mean catheterization findings were central venous pressure 18 ± 6 versus 14 ± 3 mm Hg (p \textless0.01), SVR index 1,680 ± 368 versus 1,960 ± 550 dyn s/cm 5/m2 (p = 0.02), and cardiac index 2.7 ± 0.8 versus 2.8 ± 0.7 L/min/m2 (p = 0.25). By imaging, the SAF cohort demonstrated a greater incidence of abnormal liver texture changes (96% vs 75%, p = 0.04) and nodularity (77% vs 42%, p = 0.02). In conclusion, adult patients with failing Fontan circulation had a lower SVR index and similar cardiac index compared with the pediatric cohort. Liver disease in the adults was more advanced. Our data suggest that Fontan failure is a distinct circulatory derangement with hemodynamic features similar to portal hypertension, albeit with limited ability to augment cardiac output. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
@article{hebson_hemodynamic_2013,
title = {Hemodynamic phenotype of the failing {Fontan} in an adult population},
volume = {112},
issn = {0002-9149},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.08.023},
abstract = {Fontan failure can occur even with normal systolic ventricular function and often in the context of significant liver disease. We hypothesized that Fontan failure is hemodynamically distinct from traditional heart failure and characterized by low systemic vascular resistance (SVR) index and preserved cardiac index. Twenty-seven symptomatic adult Fontan (SAF) patients who underwent catheterization from 2001 to 2011 constituted our study group. Fifty-four predominantly asymptomatic pediatric Fontan (PF) patients who underwent catheterization during the same period were randomly selected to perform a control:case cohort analysis. Clinical comparisons were made between the 2 groups. The adults were more symptomatic than the PF cohort (New York Heart Association classes I and II or III and IV: 48\% or 52\% [SAF] vs 94\% or 6\% [PF], respectively, p {\textless}0.01). SAF versus PF mean catheterization findings were central venous pressure 18 ± 6 versus 14 ± 3 mm Hg (p {\textless}0.01), SVR index 1,680 ± 368 versus 1,960 ± 550 dyn s/cm 5/m2 (p = 0.02), and cardiac index 2.7 ± 0.8 versus 2.8 ± 0.7 L/min/m2 (p = 0.25). By imaging, the SAF cohort demonstrated a greater incidence of abnormal liver texture changes (96\% vs 75\%, p = 0.04) and nodularity (77\% vs 42\%, p = 0.02). In conclusion, adult patients with failing Fontan circulation had a lower SVR index and similar cardiac index compared with the pediatric cohort. Liver disease in the adults was more advanced. Our data suggest that Fontan failure is a distinct circulatory derangement with hemodynamic features similar to portal hypertension, albeit with limited ability to augment cardiac output. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
number = {12},
journal = {American Journal of Cardiology},
author = {Hebson, CL and McCabe, NM and Elder, RW and Mahle, WT and McConnell, M and Kogon, BE and Veledar, E and Jokhadar, M and Vincent, RN and Sahu, A and Book, WM},
month = dec,
year = {2013},
keywords = {Young Adult},
pages = {1943--1947}
}An observational descriptive study of the epidemiology and treatment of neuropathic pain in a UK general population. Hall, G. C., Morant, S. V., Carroll, D., Gabriel, Z. L., & McQuay, H. J. BMC family practice, 14:28, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: This study updated our knowledge of UK primary care neuropathic pain incidence rates and prescribing practices. METHODS: Patients with a first diagnosis of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) or phantom limb pain (PLP) were identified from the General Practice Research Database (2006 - 2010) and incidence rates were calculated. Prescription records were searched for pain treatments from diagnosis of these conditions and the duration and daily dose estimated for first-line and subsequent treatment regimens. Recording of neuropathic back and post-operative pain was investigated. RESULTS: The study included 5,920 patients with PHN, 5,340 with PDN, and 185 with PLP. The incidence per 10,000 person-years was 3.4 (95% CI 3.4, 3.5) for PHN; and 0.11 (95% CI 0.09, 0.12) for PLP. Validation of the PDN case definition suggested that was not sensitive. Incident PHN increased over the study period. The most common first-line treatments were amitriptyline or gabapentin in the PDN and PLP cohorts, and amitriptyline or co-codamol (codeine-paracetamol) in PHN. Paracetamol, co-dydramol (paracetamol-dihydrocodeine) and capsaicin were also often prescribed in one or more condition. Most first-line treatments comprised only one therapeutic class. Use of antiepileptics licensed for neuropathic pain treatment had increased since 2002-2005. Amitriptyline was the only antidepressant prescribed commonly as a first-line treatment. CONCLUSION: The UK incidence of diagnosed PHN has increased with the incidence of back-pain and post-operative pain unclear. While use of licensed antiepileptics increased, prescribing of therapy with little evidence of efficacy in neuropathic pain is still common and consequently treatment was often not in-line with current guidance.
@article{hall_observational_2013,
title = {An observational descriptive study of the epidemiology and treatment of neuropathic pain in a {UK} general population},
volume = {14},
issn = {1471-2296},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2296-14-28},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study updated our knowledge of UK primary care neuropathic pain incidence rates and prescribing practices.
METHODS: Patients with a first diagnosis of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) or phantom limb pain (PLP) were identified from the General Practice Research Database (2006 - 2010) and incidence rates were calculated. Prescription records were searched for pain treatments from diagnosis of these conditions and the duration and daily dose estimated for first-line and subsequent treatment regimens. Recording of neuropathic back and post-operative pain was investigated.
RESULTS: The study included 5,920 patients with PHN, 5,340 with PDN, and 185 with PLP. The incidence per 10,000 person-years was 3.4 (95\% CI 3.4, 3.5) for PHN; and 0.11 (95\% CI 0.09, 0.12) for PLP. Validation of the PDN case definition suggested that was not sensitive. Incident PHN increased over the study period. The most common first-line treatments were amitriptyline or gabapentin in the PDN and PLP cohorts, and amitriptyline or co-codamol (codeine-paracetamol) in PHN. Paracetamol, co-dydramol (paracetamol-dihydrocodeine) and capsaicin were also often prescribed in one or more condition. Most first-line treatments comprised only one therapeutic class. Use of antiepileptics licensed for neuropathic pain treatment had increased since 2002-2005. Amitriptyline was the only antidepressant prescribed commonly as a first-line treatment.
CONCLUSION: The UK incidence of diagnosed PHN has increased with the incidence of back-pain and post-operative pain unclear. While use of licensed antiepileptics increased, prescribing of therapy with little evidence of efficacy in neuropathic pain is still common and consequently treatment was often not in-line with current guidance.},
language = {eng},
journal = {BMC family practice},
author = {Hall, Gillian C. and Morant, Steve V. and Carroll, Dawn and Gabriel, Zahava L. and McQuay, Henry J.},
year = {2013},
pmid = {23442783},
pmcid = {PMC3599764},
keywords = {Acetaminophen, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Amines, Amitriptyline, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, Analgesics, Opioid, Anticonvulsants, Capsaicin, Child, Child, Preschool, Codeine, Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids, Diabetic Neuropathies, Drug Combinations, Drug Prescriptions, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Hydrocodone, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Neuralgia, Postherpetic, Phantom Limb, Physician's Practice Patterns, Primary Health Care, Sensory System Agents, Young Adult, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, incidence},
pages = {28}
}Ratio of trunk to leg volume as a new body shape metric for diabetes and mortality. Wilson, J. P., Kanaya, A. M., Fan, B., & Shepherd, J. A. PloS One, 8(7):e68716, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Body shape is a known risk factor for diabetes and mortality, but the methods estimating body shape, BMI and waist circumference are crude. We determined whether a novel body shape measure, trunk to leg volume ratio, was independently associated with diabetes and mortality. METHODS: Data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 1999-2004, a study representative of the US population, were used to generate dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived trunk to leg volume ratio and determine its associations to diabetes, metabolic covariates, and mortality by BMI category, gender, and race/ethnicity group. RESULTS: The prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes increased with age, BMI, triglycerides, blood pressure, and decreased HDL level. After adjusting for covariates, the corresponding fourth to first quartile trunk to leg volume ratio odds ratios (OR) were 6.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9-9.6) for diabetes, 3.9 (95% CI, 3.0-5.2) for high triglycerides, 1.8 (95% CI, 1.6-2.1) for high blood pressure, 3.0 (95% CI, 2.4-3.8) for low HDL, 3.6 (95% CI, 2.8-4.7) for metabolic syndrome, and 1.76 (95% CI, 1.20-2.60) for mortality. Additionally, trunk to leg volume ratio was the strongest independent measure associated with diabetes (P\textless0.001), even after adjusting for BMI and waist circumference. Even among those with normal BMI, those in the highest quartile of trunk to leg volume ratio had a higher likelihood of death (5.5%) than those in the lowest quartile (0.2%). Overall, trunk to leg volume ratio is driven by competing mechanisms of changing adiposity and lean mass. CONCLUSIONS: A high ratio of trunk to leg volume showed a strong association to diabetes and mortality that was independent of total and regional fat distributions. This novel body shape measure provides additional information regarding central adiposity and appendicular wasting to better stratify individuals at risk for diabetes and mortality, even among those with normal BMI.
@article{wilson_ratio_2013,
title = {Ratio of trunk to leg volume as a new body shape metric for diabetes and mortality},
volume = {8},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0068716},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Body shape is a known risk factor for diabetes and mortality, but the methods estimating body shape, BMI and waist circumference are crude. We determined whether a novel body shape measure, trunk to leg volume ratio, was independently associated with diabetes and mortality.
METHODS: Data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 1999-2004, a study representative of the US population, were used to generate dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived trunk to leg volume ratio and determine its associations to diabetes, metabolic covariates, and mortality by BMI category, gender, and race/ethnicity group.
RESULTS: The prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes increased with age, BMI, triglycerides, blood pressure, and decreased HDL level. After adjusting for covariates, the corresponding fourth to first quartile trunk to leg volume ratio odds ratios (OR) were 6.8 (95\% confidence interval [CI], 4.9-9.6) for diabetes, 3.9 (95\% CI, 3.0-5.2) for high triglycerides, 1.8 (95\% CI, 1.6-2.1) for high blood pressure, 3.0 (95\% CI, 2.4-3.8) for low HDL, 3.6 (95\% CI, 2.8-4.7) for metabolic syndrome, and 1.76 (95\% CI, 1.20-2.60) for mortality. Additionally, trunk to leg volume ratio was the strongest independent measure associated with diabetes (P{\textless}0.001), even after adjusting for BMI and waist circumference. Even among those with normal BMI, those in the highest quartile of trunk to leg volume ratio had a higher likelihood of death (5.5\%) than those in the lowest quartile (0.2\%). Overall, trunk to leg volume ratio is driven by competing mechanisms of changing adiposity and lean mass.
CONCLUSIONS: A high ratio of trunk to leg volume showed a strong association to diabetes and mortality that was independent of total and regional fat distributions. This novel body shape measure provides additional information regarding central adiposity and appendicular wasting to better stratify individuals at risk for diabetes and mortality, even among those with normal BMI.},
language = {eng},
number = {7},
journal = {PloS One},
author = {Wilson, Joseph P. and Kanaya, Alka M. and Fan, Bo and Shepherd, John A.},
year = {2013},
pmid = {23874736},
pmcid = {PMC3707853},
keywords = {Adult, Aged, Body Size, Body Weights and Measures, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Leg, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Nutrition Surveys, Organ Size, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Somatotypes, Thorax, Young Adult},
pages = {e68716}
}The attraction of yellow corn: reduced attentional constraints on coding learned conjunctive relations. Rappaport, S. J., Humphreys, G. W., & Riddoch, M. J. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance, 39(4):1016--1031, August, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Physiological evidence indicates that different visual features are computed quasi-independently. The subsequent step of binding features, to generate coherent perception, is typically considered a major rate-limiting process, confined to one location at a time and taking 25 ms per item or longer (A. Treisman & S. Gormican, 1988, Feature analysis in early vision: Evidence from search asymmetries, Psychological Review, Vol. 95, pp. 15-48). We examined whether these processing limitations remain once bindings are learned for familiar objects. Participants searched for objects that could appear either in familiar or unfamiliar colors. Objects in familiar colors were detected efficiently at rates consistent with simultaneous binding across multiple stimuli. Processing limitations were evident for objects in unfamiliar colors. The advantage for the learned color for known targets was eliminated when participants searched for geometric shapes carrying the object colors and when the colors fell in local background areas around the shapes. The effect occurred irrespective of whether the nontargets had familiar colors, but was largest when nontargets had incorrect colors. The efficient search for targets in familiar colors held, even when the search was biased to favor objects in unfamiliar colors. The data indicate that learned bindings can be computed with minimal attentional limitations, consistent with the direct activation of learned conjunctive representations in vision.
@article{rappaport_attraction_2013,
title = {The attraction of yellow corn: reduced attentional constraints on coding learned conjunctive relations},
volume = {39},
issn = {1939-1277},
shorttitle = {The attraction of yellow corn},
doi = {10.1037/a0032506},
abstract = {Physiological evidence indicates that different visual features are computed quasi-independently. The subsequent step of binding features, to generate coherent perception, is typically considered a major rate-limiting process, confined to one location at a time and taking 25 ms per item or longer (A. Treisman \& S. Gormican, 1988, Feature analysis in early vision: Evidence from search asymmetries, Psychological Review, Vol. 95, pp. 15-48). We examined whether these processing limitations remain once bindings are learned for familiar objects. Participants searched for objects that could appear either in familiar or unfamiliar colors. Objects in familiar colors were detected efficiently at rates consistent with simultaneous binding across multiple stimuli. Processing limitations were evident for objects in unfamiliar colors. The advantage for the learned color for known targets was eliminated when participants searched for geometric shapes carrying the object colors and when the colors fell in local background areas around the shapes. The effect occurred irrespective of whether the nontargets had familiar colors, but was largest when nontargets had incorrect colors. The efficient search for targets in familiar colors held, even when the search was biased to favor objects in unfamiliar colors. The data indicate that learned bindings can be computed with minimal attentional limitations, consistent with the direct activation of learned conjunctive representations in vision.},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance},
author = {Rappaport, Sarah J. and Humphreys, Glyn W. and Riddoch, M. Jane},
month = aug,
year = {2013},
pmid = {23668254},
keywords = {Adult, Attention, Color Perception, Eye Movement Measurements, Eye Movements, Female, Form Perception, Humans, Learning, Male, Recognition (Psychology), Visual Perception, Young Adult},
pages = {1016--1031}
}Cancer diagnosed by emergency admission in England: an observational study using the general practice research database. Tsang, C., Bottle, A., Majeed, A., & Aylin, P. BMC health services research, 13:308, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Patients diagnosed with cancer by the emergency route often have more advanced diseases and poorer outcomes. Rates of cancer diagnosed through unplanned admissions vary within and between countries, suggesting potential inconsistencies in the quality of care. To reduce diagnoses by this route and improve patient outcomes, high risk patient groups must be identified. This cross-sectional observational study determined the incidence of first-ever diagnoses of cancer by emergency (unplanned) admission and identified patient-level risk factors for these diagnoses in England. METHODS: Data for 74,763 randomly selected patients at 457 general practices between 1999 and 2008 were obtained from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD), including integrated Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data and Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality data. The proportion of first-ever diagnoses by emergency admission out of all recorded first cancer diagnoses by any route was analysed by patient characteristics. RESULTS: Diagnosis by emergency admission was recorded in 13.9% of patients diagnosed with cancer for the first time (n = 817/5870). The incidence of first cases by the emergency route was 2.51 patients per 10,000 person years. In adjusted regression analyses, patients of older age (p \textless 0.0001), living in the most deprived areas (RR 1.93, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.47; p \textless 0.0001) or who had a total Charlson score of 1 compared to 0 (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.69; p = 0.014) were most at risk of diagnosis by emergency admission. Patients with more prior (all-cause) emergency admissions were less at risk of subsequent diagnosis by the emergency route (RR 0.31 per prior emergency admission, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.46; p \textless 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A much lower incidence of first-ever cancer diagnoses by emergency admission was found compared with previous studies. Identified high risk groups may benefit from interventions to reduce delayed diagnosis. Further studies should include screening and cancer staging data to improve understanding of delayed or untimely diagnosis and patient care pathways.
@article{tsang_cancer_2013,
title = {Cancer diagnosed by emergency admission in {England}: an observational study using the general practice research database},
volume = {13},
issn = {1472-6963},
shorttitle = {Cancer diagnosed by emergency admission in {England}},
doi = {10.1186/1472-6963-13-308},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients diagnosed with cancer by the emergency route often have more advanced diseases and poorer outcomes. Rates of cancer diagnosed through unplanned admissions vary within and between countries, suggesting potential inconsistencies in the quality of care. To reduce diagnoses by this route and improve patient outcomes, high risk patient groups must be identified. This cross-sectional observational study determined the incidence of first-ever diagnoses of cancer by emergency (unplanned) admission and identified patient-level risk factors for these diagnoses in England.
METHODS: Data for 74,763 randomly selected patients at 457 general practices between 1999 and 2008 were obtained from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD), including integrated Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data and Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality data. The proportion of first-ever diagnoses by emergency admission out of all recorded first cancer diagnoses by any route was analysed by patient characteristics.
RESULTS: Diagnosis by emergency admission was recorded in 13.9\% of patients diagnosed with cancer for the first time (n = 817/5870). The incidence of first cases by the emergency route was 2.51 patients per 10,000 person years. In adjusted regression analyses, patients of older age (p {\textless} 0.0001), living in the most deprived areas (RR 1.93, 95\% CI 1.51 to 2.47; p {\textless} 0.0001) or who had a total Charlson score of 1 compared to 0 (RR 1.34, 95\% CI 1.06 to 1.69; p = 0.014) were most at risk of diagnosis by emergency admission. Patients with more prior (all-cause) emergency admissions were less at risk of subsequent diagnosis by the emergency route (RR 0.31 per prior emergency admission, 95\% CI 0.20 to 0.46; p {\textless} 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: A much lower incidence of first-ever cancer diagnoses by emergency admission was found compared with previous studies. Identified high risk groups may benefit from interventions to reduce delayed diagnosis. Further studies should include screening and cancer staging data to improve understanding of delayed or untimely diagnosis and patient care pathways.},
language = {eng},
journal = {BMC health services research},
author = {Tsang, Carmen and Bottle, Alex and Majeed, Azeem and Aylin, Paul},
year = {2013},
pmid = {23941140},
pmcid = {PMC3751722},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Databases, Factual, Emergency Service, Hospital, England, Female, General Practice, Humans, Infant, Male, Medical Audit, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Patient Admission, Poisson Distribution, Qualitative Research, Risk Factors, Young Adult},
pages = {308}
}Discriminant profile of young adulthood driving behavior among Brazilian drivers. Dotta-Panichi, R., M., Wagner, A., & Sarriera, J., C. The Spanish journal of psychology, 16:E8, 1, 2013.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex The aim of this article was to describe the driving behavior profile of drivers aged 18 to 25 years old. Four hundred young adults were interviewed, 320 (80%) of them male and 80 (20%) female. Cluster analysis identified a group characterized by sensation-seeking behavior (Cluster 1), a group that did not show any risky driving behavior (Cluster 2), and a group engaged in transgressive behavior and driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs (Cluster 3). Discriminant analysis classified successfully and correctly 81.3% of the young adults into their original profiles. Function 1 distinguished cluster 1 from clusters 2 and 3, on the basis of the following factors: higher frequency of alcohol consumption, intrusive behavior, and motorcycle riding, as well as younger age, more aggressive behavior, and lower education level. Function 2 distinguished cluster 3 from cluster 1 and 2, especially as to higher amounts of alcohol consumption, higher frequency of marijuana use and delinquent behavior, larger number of traffic tickets and motor vehicle accidents, higher paternal education level, which were the variables with discriminant values above .20. Characteristics of vulnerability were identified, especially those related to alcohol consumption, drug use, and externalizing issues.
@article{
title = {Discriminant profile of young adulthood driving behavior among Brazilian drivers.},
type = {article},
year = {2013},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aggression,Alcohol Drinking,Alcohol Drinking: epidemiology,Alcohol Drinking: psychology,Automobile Driving,Automobile Driving: psychology,Automobile Driving: statistics & numerical data,Brazil,Cluster Analysis,Cross-Sectional Studies,Discriminant Analysis,Female,Humans,Male,Parenting,Psychological,Psychological: epidemiology,Psychological: psychology,Risk-Taking,Stress,Substance-Related Disorders,Substance-Related Disorders: epidemiology,Substance-Related Disorders: psychology,Young Adult},
pages = {E8},
volume = {16},
websites = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84910101696&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
month = {1},
id = {4b16f7e1-aef1-3319-8825-12080aed5d65},
created = {2016-09-13T00:48:34.000Z},
accessed = {2016-09-05},
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profile_id = {c7856f8a-4963-3e63-90cb-57986d91c9b0},
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last_modified = {2016-09-13T05:55:51.000Z},
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abstract = {The aim of this article was to describe the driving behavior profile of drivers aged 18 to 25 years old. Four hundred young adults were interviewed, 320 (80%) of them male and 80 (20%) female. Cluster analysis identified a group characterized by sensation-seeking behavior (Cluster 1), a group that did not show any risky driving behavior (Cluster 2), and a group engaged in transgressive behavior and driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs (Cluster 3). Discriminant analysis classified successfully and correctly 81.3% of the young adults into their original profiles. Function 1 distinguished cluster 1 from clusters 2 and 3, on the basis of the following factors: higher frequency of alcohol consumption, intrusive behavior, and motorcycle riding, as well as younger age, more aggressive behavior, and lower education level. Function 2 distinguished cluster 3 from cluster 1 and 2, especially as to higher amounts of alcohol consumption, higher frequency of marijuana use and delinquent behavior, larger number of traffic tickets and motor vehicle accidents, higher paternal education level, which were the variables with discriminant values above .20. Characteristics of vulnerability were identified, especially those related to alcohol consumption, drug use, and externalizing issues.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Dotta-Panichi, Renata Maria and Wagner, Adriana and Sarriera, Jorge Castellá},
journal = {The Spanish journal of psychology}
}Dislocation rates of perineural catheters: a volunteer study. Marhofer, D., Marhofer, P., Triffterer, L., Leonhardt, M., Weber, M., & Zeitlinger, M. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 111(5):800–806, November, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Dislocation rates of continuous peripheral nerve block are poorly described even though this technique is frequently used in clinical practice. The present study was designed to evaluate dislocation rates over time of interscalene and femoral nerve catheters under defined experimental circumstances. Ultrasound (US) monitoring was used to detect the position of the perineural catheters. METHODS: Twenty volunteers received US-guided interscalene and femoral nerve catheters. The volunteers performed standardized physical exercises in regular intervals and the position of both catheters was examined by US confirmation of the spread of fluid. The maximal time of investigation in each volunteer was 6 h. The main outcome parameters were the overall dislocation rates and the cumulative dislocation rates at a given time point. RESULTS: We observed an overall dislocation rate of 15% (5% for interscalene catheters, 25% for femoral nerve catheters) and a significant correlation between time and rate of dislocations (r=0.99, P=0.001). US visualization of the spread of fluid was possible in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first dedicated evaluation of dislocation rates of peripheral nerve catheters (PNCs) via US investigation. Both movement and time are considerable factors for perineural catheter displacement. US is useful for the performance of PNCs and for the continuous detection of the spread of fluid relative to the nerve and adjacent anatomical structures. Translational research is required to confirm the study results in the clinical practice.
@article{marhofer_dislocation_2013,
title = {Dislocation rates of perineural catheters: a volunteer study},
volume = {111},
issn = {1471-6771},
shorttitle = {Dislocation rates of perineural catheters},
doi = {10.1093/bja/aet198},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dislocation rates of continuous peripheral nerve block are poorly described even though this technique is frequently used in clinical practice. The present study was designed to evaluate dislocation rates over time of interscalene and femoral nerve catheters under defined experimental circumstances. Ultrasound (US) monitoring was used to detect the position of the perineural catheters.
METHODS: Twenty volunteers received US-guided interscalene and femoral nerve catheters. The volunteers performed standardized physical exercises in regular intervals and the position of both catheters was examined by US confirmation of the spread of fluid. The maximal time of investigation in each volunteer was 6 h. The main outcome parameters were the overall dislocation rates and the cumulative dislocation rates at a given time point.
RESULTS: We observed an overall dislocation rate of 15\% (5\% for interscalene catheters, 25\% for femoral nerve catheters) and a significant correlation between time and rate of dislocations (r=0.99, P=0.001). US visualization of the spread of fluid was possible in all cases.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first dedicated evaluation of dislocation rates of peripheral nerve catheters (PNCs) via US investigation. Both movement and time are considerable factors for perineural catheter displacement. US is useful for the performance of PNCs and for the continuous detection of the spread of fluid relative to the nerve and adjacent anatomical structures. Translational research is required to confirm the study results in the clinical practice.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {British Journal of Anaesthesia},
author = {Marhofer, D. and Marhofer, P. and Triffterer, L. and Leonhardt, M. and Weber, M. and Zeitlinger, M.},
month = nov,
year = {2013},
pmid = {23748198},
keywords = {Anatomy, Cross-Sectional, Anesthetics, Local, Brachial Plexus, Catheterization, Peripheral, Catheters, Femoral Nerve, Humans, Nerve Block, Peripheral Nerves, Point-of-Care Systems, Prospective Studies, Spinal Nerve Roots, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Young Adult},
pages = {800--806}
}2012 (14)
Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area: United States, 2005-2008. Looker, A. C., Borrud, L. G., Hughes, J. P., Fan, B., Shepherd, J. A., & Melton, L. J. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey, March, 2012.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: This report presents bone measurement data from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of the lumbar spine and proximal femur for persons aged 8 years and over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008. METHODS: Means, standard deviations, and selected percentiles were calculated for the proximal femur and lumbar spine (total and subregions) by sex, race and ethnicity, and age. Smoothed mean total lumbar spine and femur neck bone mineral density (BMD) were plotted by age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Multiple regression was used to test for significant interactions and to calculate mean total lumbar spine and femur neck BMD after adjusting for age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Differences by sex, race and ethnicity, and age were summarized by calculating the percent difference in adjusted means. RESULTS: Among scanned individuals, 11% lacked total lumbar spine data due to invalid data for one or more lumbar vertebrae, and 4% had invalid data for the proximal femur. Non-Hispanic black persons had 6% higher total lumbar spine BMD and 9%-10% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD and femur neck BMD did not differ between Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white persons in those under age 20. For those aged 20 and over, Mexican-American persons had 4% lower total lumbar spine BMD but 1% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD was 8%-17% higher in females aged 8-15 compared with males of the same age. In the age group 16-49, mean total lumbar spine BMD was similar or slightly higher for females compared with males, but after age 50 it was 60%-15% lower for females compared with males. Mean femur neck BMD was 5%-13% lower for females than males in all age groups except 12-15.
@article{looker_lumbar_2012-1,
title = {Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area: {United} {States}, 2005-2008},
issn = {0083-1980},
shorttitle = {Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This report presents bone measurement data from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of the lumbar spine and proximal femur for persons aged 8 years and over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008.
METHODS: Means, standard deviations, and selected percentiles were calculated for the proximal femur and lumbar spine (total and subregions) by sex, race and ethnicity, and age. Smoothed mean total lumbar spine and femur neck bone mineral density (BMD) were plotted by age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Multiple regression was used to test for significant interactions and to calculate mean total lumbar spine and femur neck BMD after adjusting for age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Differences by sex, race and ethnicity, and age were summarized by calculating the percent difference in adjusted means.
RESULTS: Among scanned individuals, 11\% lacked total lumbar spine data due to invalid data for one or more lumbar vertebrae, and 4\% had invalid data for the proximal femur. Non-Hispanic black persons had 6\% higher total lumbar spine BMD and 9\%-10\% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD and femur neck BMD did not differ between Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white persons in those under age 20. For those aged 20 and over, Mexican-American persons had 4\% lower total lumbar spine BMD but 1\% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD was 8\%-17\% higher in females aged 8-15 compared with males of the same age. In the age group 16-49, mean total lumbar spine BMD was similar or slightly higher for females compared with males, but after age 50 it was 60\%-15\% lower for females compared with males. Mean femur neck BMD was 5\%-13\% lower for females than males in all age groups except 12-15.},
language = {eng},
number = {251},
journal = {Vital and Health Statistics. Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey},
author = {Looker, Anne C. and Borrud, Lori G. and Hughes, Jeffery P. and Fan, Bo and Shepherd, John A. and Melton, L. Joseph},
month = mar,
year = {2012},
pmid = {24261130},
keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density, Child, Ethnic Groups, Female, Femur, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, United States, Young Adult},
pages = {1--132}
}A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the U.K. Spoendlin, J., Voegel, J. J., Jick, S. S., & Meier, C. R. The British Journal of Dermatology, 167(3):598--605, September, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disease of unclear origin. Epidemiological data are scarce and controversial, with reported prevalences ranging from 0·09% to 22%. To our knowledge, incidence rates have not been quantified before. OBJECTIVES: In this observational study we quantified incidence rates of diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. and described demographic characteristics and the prevalence of ocular symptoms in patients with rosacea. We compared lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption between patients with rosacea and controls. METHODS: Using the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database, we identified patients with an incident diagnosis of rosacea between 1995 and 2009 and matched them (1:1) to rosacea-free control patients. We assessed person-time of all patients at risk and assessed incidence rates of rosacea, stratified by age, sex, year of diagnosis and region. RESULTS: We identified 60,042 rosacea cases and 60,042 controls (61·5% women). The overall incidence rate for diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. was 1·65 per 1000 person-years. Rosacea was diagnosed in some 80% of cases after the age of 30 years. Ocular symptoms were recorded in 20·8% of cases at the index date. We observed a significantly reduced relative risk of developing rosacea among current smokers (odds ratio 0·64, 95% confidence interval 0·62-0·67). Alcohol consumption was associated with a marginal risk increase. CONCLUSIONS: We quantified incidence rates and characteristics of patients with rosacea diagnosed in clinical practice in a large epidemiological study using primary care data from the U.K. Smoking was associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing rosacea.
@article{spoendlin_study_2012,
title = {A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the {U}.{K}},
volume = {167},
issn = {1365-2133},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11037.x},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disease of unclear origin. Epidemiological data are scarce and controversial, with reported prevalences ranging from 0·09\% to 22\%. To our knowledge, incidence rates have not been quantified before.
OBJECTIVES: In this observational study we quantified incidence rates of diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. and described demographic characteristics and the prevalence of ocular symptoms in patients with rosacea. We compared lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption between patients with rosacea and controls.
METHODS: Using the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database, we identified patients with an incident diagnosis of rosacea between 1995 and 2009 and matched them (1:1) to rosacea-free control patients. We assessed person-time of all patients at risk and assessed incidence rates of rosacea, stratified by age, sex, year of diagnosis and region.
RESULTS: We identified 60,042 rosacea cases and 60,042 controls (61·5\% women). The overall incidence rate for diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. was 1·65 per 1000 person-years. Rosacea was diagnosed in some 80\% of cases after the age of 30 years. Ocular symptoms were recorded in 20·8\% of cases at the index date. We observed a significantly reduced relative risk of developing rosacea among current smokers (odds ratio 0·64, 95\% confidence interval 0·62-0·67). Alcohol consumption was associated with a marginal risk increase.
CONCLUSIONS: We quantified incidence rates and characteristics of patients with rosacea diagnosed in clinical practice in a large epidemiological study using primary care data from the U.K. Smoking was associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing rosacea.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {The British Journal of Dermatology},
author = {Spoendlin, J. and Voegel, J. J. and Jick, S. S. and Meier, C. R.},
month = sep,
year = {2012},
pmid = {22564022},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Rosacea, Smoking, Young Adult, incidence},
pages = {598--605}
}Recollection of negative information in posttraumatic stress disorder. Tapia, G., Clarys, D., Bugaiska, A., & El-Hage, W. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25(1):120--123, February, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) associated with the effects of emotional valence on recall processes in recognition memory. Patients suffering from PTSD (n = 15) were compared with 15 nontraumatized patients with anxious and depressive symptoms and with 15 nontraumatized controls on the remember/know paradigm using negative, positive, and neutral words. The PTSD group remembered more negative words than the nontraumatized controls, F(1, 42) = 7.20, p = .01, but there was no difference between those with PTSD and those with anxiety or depression, F(1, 42) = 2.93, p = .09, or between the latter and controls, F(1, 42) \textless 1. This study did not allow us to determine whether this recollection bias for negative information was specific to the PTSD status or was triggered by the greater level of anxiety displayed in this group.
@article{ tapia_recollection_2012,
title = {Recollection of negative information in posttraumatic stress disorder},
volume = {25},
issn = {1573-6598},
doi = {10.1002/jts.21659},
abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder ({PTSD}) associated with the effects of emotional valence on recall processes in recognition memory. Patients suffering from {PTSD} (n = 15) were compared with 15 nontraumatized patients with anxious and depressive symptoms and with 15 nontraumatized controls on the remember/know paradigm using negative, positive, and neutral words. The {PTSD} group remembered more negative words than the nontraumatized controls, F(1, 42) = 7.20, p = .01, but there was no difference between those with {PTSD} and those with anxiety or depression, F(1, 42) = 2.93, p = .09, or between the latter and controls, F(1, 42) {\textless} 1. This study did not allow us to determine whether this recollection bias for negative information was specific to the {PTSD} status or was triggered by the greater level of anxiety displayed in this group.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {Journal of Traumatic Stress},
author = {Tapia, Géraldine and Clarys, David and Bugaiska, Aurélia and El-Hage, Wissam},
month = {February},
year = {2012},
pmid = {22278745},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Mental Recall, Middle Aged, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Terminology as Topic, Young Adult},
pages = {120--123}
}Evaluation of adverse outcome in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome versus matched, reference controls: a retrospective, observational study. Morgan, C. L., Jenkins-Jones, S., Currie, C. J., & Rees, D. A. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 97(9):3251--3260, September, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
CONTEXT: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and dyslipidemia, but the effects of these disturbances on long-term health are not fully understood. AIM: Our aim was to determine the relative risk of type 2 diabetes, cancer, large-vessel disease (LVD), and all-cause mortality for women diagnosed with PCOS. DESIGN: Data were extracted from the General Practice Research Database, a longitudinal, anonymized research database derived from nearly 600 primary-care practices in the United Kingdom. Patients with a diagnosis of PCOS between 1990 and 2010 were selected. Patients were matched to two sets of controls. The first set was matched according to primary-care practice and age, and the second was also matched on body mass index. Primary outcome was first incident record of diabetes. Crude rates for diabetes were presented, and time to diabetes was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models. Secondary outcomes (cancer, LVD, and mortality) were also modeled. RESULTS: Of 53,303 identified with a diagnosis of PCOS, 21,740 (40.8%) met the eligibility criteria. Median follow-up was 4.7 yr (interquartile range = 2.0-8.6 yr) in those with PCOS and 5.8 yr (2.7-9.6) in the reference group. Crude rates of diabetes were 5.7 and 1.7 per 1000 patient-years for cases and controls, respectively. The corresponding adjusted hazard ratio was 3.015 (95% confidence interval = 2.733-3.327). Of cases matched by body mass index, crude rates of diabetes were 4.7 and 2.4 per 1000 patient-years, respectively. The corresponding adjusted hazard ratio was 1.752 (1.514-2.028). No significant difference in BMI-adjusted risk was evident for cancer, LVD, or all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: During this follow-up period, women with PCOS were not at increased risk of LVD, cancer, or death, but they had increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
@article{morgan_evaluation_2012,
title = {Evaluation of adverse outcome in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome versus matched, reference controls: a retrospective, observational study},
volume = {97},
issn = {1945-7197},
shorttitle = {Evaluation of adverse outcome in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome versus matched, reference controls},
doi = {10.1210/jc.2012-1690},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and dyslipidemia, but the effects of these disturbances on long-term health are not fully understood.
AIM: Our aim was to determine the relative risk of type 2 diabetes, cancer, large-vessel disease (LVD), and all-cause mortality for women diagnosed with PCOS.
DESIGN: Data were extracted from the General Practice Research Database, a longitudinal, anonymized research database derived from nearly 600 primary-care practices in the United Kingdom. Patients with a diagnosis of PCOS between 1990 and 2010 were selected. Patients were matched to two sets of controls. The first set was matched according to primary-care practice and age, and the second was also matched on body mass index. Primary outcome was first incident record of diabetes. Crude rates for diabetes were presented, and time to diabetes was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models. Secondary outcomes (cancer, LVD, and mortality) were also modeled.
RESULTS: Of 53,303 identified with a diagnosis of PCOS, 21,740 (40.8\%) met the eligibility criteria. Median follow-up was 4.7 yr (interquartile range = 2.0-8.6 yr) in those with PCOS and 5.8 yr (2.7-9.6) in the reference group. Crude rates of diabetes were 5.7 and 1.7 per 1000 patient-years for cases and controls, respectively. The corresponding adjusted hazard ratio was 3.015 (95\% confidence interval = 2.733-3.327). Of cases matched by body mass index, crude rates of diabetes were 4.7 and 2.4 per 1000 patient-years, respectively. The corresponding adjusted hazard ratio was 1.752 (1.514-2.028). No significant difference in BMI-adjusted risk was evident for cancer, LVD, or all-cause mortality.
CONCLUSIONS: During this follow-up period, women with PCOS were not at increased risk of LVD, cancer, or death, but they had increased risk of type 2 diabetes.},
language = {eng},
number = {9},
journal = {The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism},
author = {Morgan, Christopher L. and Jenkins-Jones, Sara and Currie, Craig J. and Rees, D. Aled},
month = sep,
year = {2012},
pmid = {22767635},
keywords = {Adult, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Disease Progression, Endpoint Determination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Neoplasms, Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Primary Health Care, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Smoking, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult},
pages = {3251--3260}
}Poor 1-year survival in elderly patients undergoing nonelective colorectal resection. Mamidanna, R., Eid-Arimoku, L., Almoudaris, A., M., Burns, E., M., Bottle, A., Aylin, P., Hanna, G., B., & Faiz, O. Diseases of the colon and rectum, 55(7):788-96, 7, 2012.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: Colorectal resection in elderly patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in an emergency setting.
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to quantify the risks associated with nonelective colorectal resection up to 1 year after surgery in elderly patients.
DESIGN: This is a population-based observational study.
SETTING: Data were obtained from the Hospital Episode Statistics database.
POPULATION: All patients aged 70 years and older who underwent a nonelective colorectal resection in an English National Health Service Trust hospital between April 2001 and March 2008 were included.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: : The primary outcomes measured were 30-day in hospital mortality, 365-day mortality, unplanned readmission within 28 days of discharge, and duration of hospital stay.
RESULTS: During the study period, 36,767 nonelective colorectal resections were performed in patients aged ≥ 70 years in England. Patients were classified into 3 age groups: A (70-75 years), B (76-80 years), and C (>80 years). Thirty-day mortality was 17.0%, 23.3%, and 31.0% in groups A, B, and C (p < 0.001). The overall 30-day medical complication rate was 33.7%, and the reoperation rate was 6.3%. Cardiac and respiratory complications were significantly higher in group C (22.2% and 18.2%, p < 0.001). Mortality in Group C was 51.2% at 1-year postsurgery. Advanced age was an independent determinant of mortality in risk-adjusted regression analyses.
LIMITATIONS: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective database. Stage of disease at presentation, severity of complications, and cause of death cannot be ascertained from this database.
CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based study, half of all English patients aged over 80 years undergoing nonelective colorectal resection died within 1 year of surgery. Further research is required to identify perioperative and postdischarge strategies that may improve survival in this vulnerable cohort.
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title = {Poor 1-year survival in elderly patients undergoing nonelective colorectal resection.},
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year = {2012},
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pages = {788-96},
volume = {55},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22706132},
month = {7},
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abstract = {BACKGROUND: Colorectal resection in elderly patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in an emergency setting.
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to quantify the risks associated with nonelective colorectal resection up to 1 year after surgery in elderly patients.
DESIGN: This is a population-based observational study.
SETTING: Data were obtained from the Hospital Episode Statistics database.
POPULATION: All patients aged 70 years and older who underwent a nonelective colorectal resection in an English National Health Service Trust hospital between April 2001 and March 2008 were included.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: : The primary outcomes measured were 30-day in hospital mortality, 365-day mortality, unplanned readmission within 28 days of discharge, and duration of hospital stay.
RESULTS: During the study period, 36,767 nonelective colorectal resections were performed in patients aged ≥ 70 years in England. Patients were classified into 3 age groups: A (70-75 years), B (76-80 years), and C (>80 years). Thirty-day mortality was 17.0%, 23.3%, and 31.0% in groups A, B, and C (p < 0.001). The overall 30-day medical complication rate was 33.7%, and the reoperation rate was 6.3%. Cardiac and respiratory complications were significantly higher in group C (22.2% and 18.2%, p < 0.001). Mortality in Group C was 51.2% at 1-year postsurgery. Advanced age was an independent determinant of mortality in risk-adjusted regression analyses.
LIMITATIONS: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective database. Stage of disease at presentation, severity of complications, and cause of death cannot be ascertained from this database.
CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based study, half of all English patients aged over 80 years undergoing nonelective colorectal resection died within 1 year of surgery. Further research is required to identify perioperative and postdischarge strategies that may improve survival in this vulnerable cohort.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Mamidanna, Ravikrishna and Eid-Arimoku, Lola and Almoudaris, Alex M and Burns, Elaine M and Bottle, Alex and Aylin, Paul and Hanna, George B and Faiz, Omar},
journal = {Diseases of the colon and rectum},
number = {7}
}Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Osterholm, M., T., Kelley, N., S., Sommer, A., & Belongia, E., a. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12(1):36-44, 2012.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Background: No published meta-analyses have assessed efficacy and effectiveness of licensed influenza vaccines in the USA with sensitive and highly specific diagnostic tests to confirm influenza. Methods: We searched Medline for randomised controlled trials assessing a relative reduction in influenza risk of all circulating influenza viruses during individual seasons after vaccination (efficacy) and observational studies meeting inclusion criteria (effectiveness). Eligible articles were published between Jan 1, 1967, and Feb 15, 2011, and used RT-PCR or culture for confirmation of influenza. We excluded some studies on the basis of study design and vaccine characteristics. We estimated random-effects pooled efficacy for trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) when data were available for statistical analysis (eg, at least three studies that assessed comparable age groups). Findings: We screened 5707 articles and identified 31 eligible studies (17 randomised controlled trials and 14 observational studies). Efficacy of TIV was shown in eight (67%) of the 12 seasons analysed in ten randomised controlled trials (pooled efficacy 59% [95% CI 51-67] in adults aged 18-65 years). No such trials met inclusion criteria for children aged 2-17 years or adults aged 65 years or older. Efficacy of LAIV was shown in nine (75%) of the 12 seasons analysed in ten randomised controlled trials (pooled efficacy 83% [69-91]) in children aged 6 months to 7 years. No such trials met inclusion criteria for children aged 8-17 years. Vaccine effectiveness was variable for seasonal influenza: six (35%) of 17 analyses in nine studies showed significant protection against medically attended influenza in the outpatient or inpatient setting. Median monovalent pandemic H1N1 vaccine effectiveness in five observational studies was 69% (range 60-93). Interpretation: Influenza vaccines can provide moderate protection against virologically confirmed influenza, but such protection is greatly reduced or absent in some seasons. Evidence for protection in adults aged 65 years or older is lacking. LAIVs consistently show highest efficacy in young children (aged 6 months to 7 years). New vaccines with improved clinical efficacy and effectiveness are needed to further reduce influenza-related morbidity and mortality. Funding: Alfred P Sloan Foundation. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
@article{
title = {Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis},
type = {article},
year = {2012},
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keywords = {Vaccine effectiveness},
pages = {36-44},
volume = {12},
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abstract = {Background: No published meta-analyses have assessed efficacy and effectiveness of licensed influenza vaccines in the USA with sensitive and highly specific diagnostic tests to confirm influenza. Methods: We searched Medline for randomised controlled trials assessing a relative reduction in influenza risk of all circulating influenza viruses during individual seasons after vaccination (efficacy) and observational studies meeting inclusion criteria (effectiveness). Eligible articles were published between Jan 1, 1967, and Feb 15, 2011, and used RT-PCR or culture for confirmation of influenza. We excluded some studies on the basis of study design and vaccine characteristics. We estimated random-effects pooled efficacy for trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) when data were available for statistical analysis (eg, at least three studies that assessed comparable age groups). Findings: We screened 5707 articles and identified 31 eligible studies (17 randomised controlled trials and 14 observational studies). Efficacy of TIV was shown in eight (67%) of the 12 seasons analysed in ten randomised controlled trials (pooled efficacy 59% [95% CI 51-67] in adults aged 18-65 years). No such trials met inclusion criteria for children aged 2-17 years or adults aged 65 years or older. Efficacy of LAIV was shown in nine (75%) of the 12 seasons analysed in ten randomised controlled trials (pooled efficacy 83% [69-91]) in children aged 6 months to 7 years. No such trials met inclusion criteria for children aged 8-17 years. Vaccine effectiveness was variable for seasonal influenza: six (35%) of 17 analyses in nine studies showed significant protection against medically attended influenza in the outpatient or inpatient setting. Median monovalent pandemic H1N1 vaccine effectiveness in five observational studies was 69% (range 60-93). Interpretation: Influenza vaccines can provide moderate protection against virologically confirmed influenza, but such protection is greatly reduced or absent in some seasons. Evidence for protection in adults aged 65 years or older is lacking. LAIVs consistently show highest efficacy in young children (aged 6 months to 7 years). New vaccines with improved clinical efficacy and effectiveness are needed to further reduce influenza-related morbidity and mortality. Funding: Alfred P Sloan Foundation. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Osterholm, Michael T. and Kelley, Nicholas S. and Sommer, Alfred and Belongia, Edward a.},
journal = {The Lancet Infectious Diseases},
number = {1}
}Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Naghavi, M., Lozano, R., Michaud, C., Ezzati, M., Shibuya, K., Salomon, J. A., Abdalla, S., Aboyans, V., Abraham, J., Ackerman, I., Aggarwal, R., Ahn, S. Y., Ali, M. K., Alvarado, M., Anderson, H. R., Anderson, L. M., Andrews, K. G., Atkinson, C., Baddour, L. M., Bahalim, A. N., Barker-Collo, S., Barrero, L. H., Bartels, D. H., Basáñez, M., Baxter, A., Bell, M. L., Benjamin, E. J., Bennett, D., Bernabé, E., Bhalla, K., Bhandari, B., Bikbov, B., Bin Abdulhak, A., Birbeck, G., Black, J. A., Blencowe, H., Blore, J. D., Blyth, F., Bolliger, I., Bonaventure, A., Boufous, S., Bourne, R., Boussinesq, M., Braithwaite, T., Brayne, C., Bridgett, L., Brooker, S., Brooks, P., Brugha, T. S., Bryan-Hancock, C., Bucello, C., Buchbinder, R., Buckle, G., Budke, C. M., Burch, M., Burney, P., Burstein, R., Calabria, B., Campbell, B., Canter, C. E., Carabin, H., Carapetis, J., Carmona, L., Cella, C., Charlson, F., Chen, H., Cheng, A. T., Chou, D., Chugh, S. S., Coffeng, L. E., Colan, S. D., Colquhoun, S., Colson, K. E., Condon, J., Connor, M. D., Cooper, L. T., Corriere, M., Cortinovis, M., de Vaccaro, K. C., Couser, W., Cowie, B. C., Criqui, M. H., Cross, M., Dabhadkar, K. C., Dahiya, M., Dahodwala, N., Damsere-Derry, J., Danaei, G., Davis, A., De Leo, D., Degenhardt, L., Dellavalle, R., Delossantos, A., Denenberg, J., Derrett, S., Des Jarlais, D. C., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dherani, M., Diaz-Torne, C., Dolk, H., Dorsey, E. R., Driscoll, T., Duber, H., Ebel, B., Edmond, K., Elbaz, A., Ali, S. E., Erskine, H., Erwin, P. J., Espindola, P., Ewoigbokhan, S. E., Farzadfar, F., Feigin, V., Felson, D. T., Ferrari, A., Ferri, C. P., Fèvre, E. M., Finucane, M. M., Flaxman, S., Flood, L., Foreman, K., Forouzanfar, M. H., Fowkes, F. G. R., Franklin, R., Fransen, M., Freeman, M. K., Gabbe, B. J., Gabriel, S. E., Gakidou, E., Ganatra, H. A., Garcia, B., Gaspari, F., Gillum, R. F., Gmel, G., Gosselin, R., Grainger, R., Groeger, J., Guillemin, F., Gunnell, D., Gupta, R., Haagsma, J., Hagan, H., Halasa, Y. A., Hall, W., Haring, D., Haro, J. M., Harrison, J. E., Havmoeller, R., Hay, R. J., Higashi, H., Hill, C., Hoen, B., Hoffman, H., Hotez, P. J., Hoy, D., Huang, J. J., Ibeanusi, S. E., Jacobsen, K. H., James, S. L., Jarvis, D., Jasrasaria, R., Jayaraman, S., Johns, N., Jonas, J. B., Karthikeyan, G., Kassebaum, N., Kawakami, N., Keren, A., Khoo, J., King, C. H., Knowlton, L. M., Kobusingye, O., Koranteng, A., Krishnamurthi, R., Lalloo, R., Laslett, L. L., Lathlean, T., Leasher, J. L., Lee, Y. Y., Leigh, J., Lim, S. S., Limb, E., Lin, J. K., Lipnick, M., Lipshultz, S. E., Liu, W., Loane, M., Ohno, S. L., Lyons, R., Ma, J., Mabweijano, J., MacIntyre, M. F., Malekzadeh, R., Mallinger, L., Manivannan, S., Marcenes, W., March, L., Margolis, D. J., Marks, G. B., Marks, R., Matsumori, A., Matzopoulos, R., Mayosi, B. M., McAnulty, J. H., McDermott, M. M., McGill, N., McGrath, J., Medina-Mora, M. E., Meltzer, M., Mensah, G. A., Merriman, T. R., Meyer, A., Miglioli, V., Miller, M., Miller, T. R., Mitchell, P. B., Mocumbi, A. O., Moffitt, T. E., Mokdad, A. A., Monasta, L., Montico, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moran, A., Morawska, L., Mori, R., Murdoch, M. E., Mwaniki, M. K., Naidoo, K., Nair, M. N., Naldi, L., Narayan, K. M. V., Nelson, P. K., Nelson, R. G., Nevitt, M. C., Newton, C. R., Nolte, S., Norman, P., Norman, R., O'Donnell, M., O'Hanlon, S., Olives, C., Omer, S. B., Ortblad, K., Osborne, R., Ozgediz, D., Page, A., Pahari, B., Pandian, J. D., Rivero, A. P., Patten, S. B., Pearce, N., Padilla, R. P., Perez-Ruiz, F., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Phillips, D., Phillips, M. R., Pierce, K., Pion, S., Polanczyk, G. V., Polinder, S., Pope, C. A., Popova, S., Porrini, E., Pourmalek, F., Prince, M., Pullan, R. L., Ramaiah, K. D., Ranganathan, D., Razavi, H., Regan, M., Rehm, J. T., Rein, D. B., Remuzzi, G., Richardson, K., Rivara, F. P., Roberts, T., Robinson, C., De Leòn, F. R., Ronfani, L., Room, R., Rosenfeld, L. C., Rushton, L., Sacco, R. L., Saha, S., Sampson, U., Sanchez-Riera, L., Sanman, E., Schwebel, D. C., Scott, J. G., Segui-Gomez, M., Shahraz, S., Shepard, D. S., Shin, H., Shivakoti, R., Singh, D., Singh, G. M., Singh, J. A., Singleton, J., Sleet, D. A., Sliwa, K., Smith, E., Smith, J. L., Stapelberg, N. J. C., Steer, A., Steiner, T., Stolk, W. A., Stovner, L. J., Sudfeld, C., Syed, S., Tamburlini, G., Tavakkoli, M., Taylor, H. R., Taylor, J. A., Taylor, W. J., Thomas, B., Thomson, W. M., Thurston, G. D., Tleyjeh, I. M., Tonelli, M., Towbin, J. A., Truelsen, T., Tsilimbaris, M. K., Ubeda, C., Undurraga, E. A., van der Werf, M. J., van Os, J., Vavilala, M. S., Venketasubramanian, N., Wang, M., Wang, W., Watt, K., Weatherall, D. J., Weinstock, M. A., Weintraub, R., Weisskopf, M. G., Weissman, M. M., White, R. A., Whiteford, H., Wiersma, S. T., Wilkinson, J. D., Williams, H. C., Williams, S. R. M., Witt, E., Wolfe, F., Woolf, A. D., Wulf, S., Yeh, P., Zaidi, A. K. M., Zheng, Z., Zonies, D., Lopez, A. D., Murray, C. J. L., AlMazroa, M. A., & Memish, Z. A. Lancet (London, England), 380(9859):2163–2196, December, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs). METHODS: Of the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelae of the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification, population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohort studies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designed to address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data, inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders, we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculating incidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completeness models (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and other covariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbidity with simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis. FINDINGS: Global prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewer than one case per 1 million people to 350,000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient -0·37). In 2010, there were 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes or endocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as they were in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar compared with years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. INTERPRETATION: Rates of YLDs per 100,000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadily with age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental and behavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems will need to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders that largely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal health outcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to these challenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgent priority for health systems in most parts of the world. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
@article{vos_years_2012,
title = {Years lived with disability ({YLDs}) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: {A} systematic analysis for the {Global} {Burden} of {Disease} {Study} 2010.},
volume = {380},
issn = {1474-547X},
shorttitle = {Years lived with disability ({YLDs}) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs).
METHODS: Of the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelae of the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification, population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohort studies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designed to address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data, inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders, we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculating incidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completeness models (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and other covariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbidity with simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis.
FINDINGS: Global prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewer than one case per 1 million people to 350,000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient -0·37). In 2010, there were 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes or endocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as they were in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar compared with years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa.
INTERPRETATION: Rates of YLDs per 100,000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadily with age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental and behavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems will need to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders that largely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal health outcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to these challenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgent priority for health systems in most parts of the world.
FUNDING: Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation.},
language = {ENG},
number = {9859},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
author = {Vos, Theo and Flaxman, Abraham D. and Naghavi, Mohsen and Lozano, Rafael and Michaud, Catherine and Ezzati, Majid and Shibuya, Kenji and Salomon, Joshua A. and Abdalla, Safa and Aboyans, Victor and Abraham, Jerry and Ackerman, Ilana and Aggarwal, Rakesh and Ahn, Stephanie Y. and Ali, Mohammed K. and Alvarado, Miriam and Anderson, H. Ross and Anderson, Laurie M. and Andrews, Kathryn G. and Atkinson, Charles and Baddour, Larry M. and Bahalim, Adil N. and Barker-Collo, Suzanne and Barrero, Lope H. and Bartels, David H. and Basáñez, Maria-Gloria and Baxter, Amanda and Bell, Michelle L. and Benjamin, Emelia J. and Bennett, Derrick and Bernabé, Eduardo and Bhalla, Kavi and Bhandari, Bishal and Bikbov, Boris and Bin Abdulhak, Aref and Birbeck, Gretchen and Black, James A. and Blencowe, Hannah and Blore, Jed D. and Blyth, Fiona and Bolliger, Ian and Bonaventure, Audrey and Boufous, Soufiane and Bourne, Rupert and Boussinesq, Michel and Braithwaite, Tasanee and Brayne, Carol and Bridgett, Lisa and Brooker, Simon and Brooks, Peter and Brugha, Traolach S. and Bryan-Hancock, Claire and Bucello, Chiara and Buchbinder, Rachelle and Buckle, Geoffrey and Budke, Christine M. and Burch, Michael and Burney, Peter and Burstein, Roy and Calabria, Bianca and Campbell, Benjamin and Canter, Charles E. and Carabin, Hélène and Carapetis, Jonathan and Carmona, Loreto and Cella, Claudia and Charlson, Fiona and Chen, Honglei and Cheng, Andrew Tai-Ann and Chou, David and Chugh, Sumeet S. and Coffeng, Luc E. and Colan, Steven D. and Colquhoun, Samantha and Colson, K. Ellicott and Condon, John and Connor, Myles D. and Cooper, Leslie T. and Corriere, Matthew and Cortinovis, Monica and de Vaccaro, Karen Courville and Couser, William and Cowie, Benjamin C. and Criqui, Michael H. and Cross, Marita and Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C. and Dahiya, Manu and Dahodwala, Nabila and Damsere-Derry, James and Danaei, Goodarz and Davis, Adrian and De Leo, Diego and Degenhardt, Louisa and Dellavalle, Robert and Delossantos, Allyne and Denenberg, Julie and Derrett, Sarah and Des Jarlais, Don C. and Dharmaratne, Samath D. and Dherani, Mukesh and Diaz-Torne, Cesar and Dolk, Helen and Dorsey, E. Ray and Driscoll, Tim and Duber, Herbert and Ebel, Beth and Edmond, Karen and Elbaz, Alexis and Ali, Suad Eltahir and Erskine, Holly and Erwin, Patricia J. and Espindola, Patricia and Ewoigbokhan, Stalin E. and Farzadfar, Farshad and Feigin, Valery and Felson, David T. and Ferrari, Alize and Ferri, Cleusa P. and Fèvre, Eric M. and Finucane, Mariel M. and Flaxman, Seth and Flood, Louise and Foreman, Kyle and Forouzanfar, Mohammad H. and Fowkes, Francis Gerry R. and Franklin, Richard and Fransen, Marlene and Freeman, Michael K. and Gabbe, Belinda J. and Gabriel, Sherine E. and Gakidou, Emmanuela and Ganatra, Hammad A. and Garcia, Bianca and Gaspari, Flavio and Gillum, Richard F. and Gmel, Gerhard and Gosselin, Richard and Grainger, Rebecca and Groeger, Justina and Guillemin, Francis and Gunnell, David and Gupta, Ramyani and Haagsma, Juanita and Hagan, Holly and Halasa, Yara A. and Hall, Wayne and Haring, Diana and Haro, Josep Maria and Harrison, James E. and Havmoeller, Rasmus and Hay, Roderick J. and Higashi, Hideki and Hill, Catherine and Hoen, Bruno and Hoffman, Howard and Hotez, Peter J. and Hoy, Damian and Huang, John J. and Ibeanusi, Sydney E. and Jacobsen, Kathryn H. and James, Spencer L. and Jarvis, Deborah and Jasrasaria, Rashmi and Jayaraman, Sudha and Johns, Nicole and Jonas, Jost B. and Karthikeyan, Ganesan and Kassebaum, Nicholas and Kawakami, Norito and Keren, Andre and Khoo, Jon-Paul and King, Charles H. and Knowlton, Lisa Marie and Kobusingye, Olive and Koranteng, Adofo and Krishnamurthi, Rita and Lalloo, Ratilal and Laslett, Laura L. and Lathlean, Tim and Leasher, Janet L. and Lee, Yong Yi and Leigh, James and Lim, Stephen S. and Limb, Elizabeth and Lin, John Kent and Lipnick, Michael and Lipshultz, Steven E. and Liu, Wei and Loane, Maria and Ohno, Summer Lockett and Lyons, Ronan and Ma, Jixiang and Mabweijano, Jacqueline and MacIntyre, Michael F. and Malekzadeh, Reza and Mallinger, Leslie and Manivannan, Sivabalan and Marcenes, Wagner and March, Lyn and Margolis, David J. and Marks, Guy B. and Marks, Robin and Matsumori, Akira and Matzopoulos, Richard and Mayosi, Bongani M. and McAnulty, John H. and McDermott, Mary M. and McGill, Neil and McGrath, John and Medina-Mora, Maria Elena and Meltzer, Michele and Mensah, George A. and Merriman, Tony R. and Meyer, Ana-Claire and Miglioli, Valeria and Miller, Matthew and Miller, Ted R. and Mitchell, Philip B. and Mocumbi, Ana Olga and Moffitt, Terrie E. and Mokdad, Ali A. and Monasta, Lorenzo and Montico, Marcella and Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar and Moran, Andrew and Morawska, Lidia and Mori, Rintaro and Murdoch, Michele E. and Mwaniki, Michael K. and Naidoo, Kovin and Nair, M. Nathan and Naldi, Luigi and Narayan, K. M. Venkat and Nelson, Paul K. and Nelson, Robert G. and Nevitt, Michael C. and Newton, Charles R. and Nolte, Sandra and Norman, Paul and Norman, Rosana and O'Donnell, Martin and O'Hanlon, Simon and Olives, Casey and Omer, Saad B. and Ortblad, Katrina and Osborne, Richard and Ozgediz, Doruk and Page, Andrew and Pahari, Bishnu and Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai and Rivero, Andrea Panozo and Patten, Scott B. and Pearce, Neil and Padilla, Rogelio Perez and Perez-Ruiz, Fernando and Perico, Norberto and Pesudovs, Konrad and Phillips, David and Phillips, Michael R. and Pierce, Kelsey and Pion, Sébastien and Polanczyk, Guilherme V. and Polinder, Suzanne and Pope, C. Arden and Popova, Svetlana and Porrini, Esteban and Pourmalek, Farshad and Prince, Martin and Pullan, Rachel L. and Ramaiah, Kapa D. and Ranganathan, Dharani and Razavi, Homie and Regan, Mathilda and Rehm, Jürgen T. and Rein, David B. and Remuzzi, Guiseppe and Richardson, Kathryn and Rivara, Frederick P. and Roberts, Thomas and Robinson, Carolyn and De Leòn, Felipe Rodriguez and Ronfani, Luca and Room, Robin and Rosenfeld, Lisa C. and Rushton, Lesley and Sacco, Ralph L. and Saha, Sukanta and Sampson, Uchechukwu and Sanchez-Riera, Lidia and Sanman, Ella and Schwebel, David C. and Scott, James Graham and Segui-Gomez, Maria and Shahraz, Saeid and Shepard, Donald S. and Shin, Hwashin and Shivakoti, Rupak and Singh, David and Singh, Gitanjali M. and Singh, Jasvinder A. and Singleton, Jessica and Sleet, David A. and Sliwa, Karen and Smith, Emma and Smith, Jennifer L. and Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C. and Steer, Andrew and Steiner, Timothy and Stolk, Wilma A. and Stovner, Lars Jacob and Sudfeld, Christopher and Syed, Sana and Tamburlini, Giorgio and Tavakkoli, Mohammad and Taylor, Hugh R. and Taylor, Jennifer A. and Taylor, William J. and Thomas, Bernadette and Thomson, W. Murray and Thurston, George D. and Tleyjeh, Imad M. and Tonelli, Marcello and Towbin, Jeffrey A. and Truelsen, Thomas and Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis K. and Ubeda, Clotilde and Undurraga, Eduardo A. and van der Werf, Marieke J. and van Os, Jim and Vavilala, Monica S. and Venketasubramanian, N. and Wang, Mengru and Wang, Wenzhi and Watt, Kerrianne and Weatherall, David J. and Weinstock, Martin A. and Weintraub, Robert and Weisskopf, Marc G. and Weissman, Myrna M. and White, Richard A. and Whiteford, Harvey and Wiersma, Steven T. and Wilkinson, James D. and Williams, Hywel C. and Williams, Sean R. M. and Witt, Emma and Wolfe, Frederick and Woolf, Anthony D. and Wulf, Sarah and Yeh, Pon-Hsiu and Zaidi, Anita K. M. and Zheng, Zhi-Jie and Zonies, David and Lopez, Alan D. and Murray, Christopher J. L. and AlMazroa, Mohammad A. and Memish, Ziad A.},
month = dec,
year = {2012},
pmid = {23245607},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Global Health, Health Status, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Sex Factors, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult},
pages = {2163--2196},
}Health service use in families where children enter public care: a nested case control study using the General Practice Research Database. Simkiss, D. E., Spencer, N. J., Stallard, N., & Thorogood, M. BMC health services research, 12:65, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: At least 3% of children spend some of their childhood in public care and, as a group, have poor outcomes across a range of education, employment, health and social care outcomes. Research, using social care or government datasets, has identified a number of risk factors associated with children entering public care but the utility of risk factors in clinical practice is not established. This paper uses routine primary health care data to see if risk factors for children entering public care can be identified in clinical practice. METHODS: A nested case control methodology using routine primary care data from the United Kingdom. Health service use data were extracted for the 12 months before the case child entered public care and compared with 12 months of data for four control mother child pairs per case pair, matched on the age and sex of the child and the general practice. Exposures of interest were developed from a systematic review of the literature on risk factors associated with children entering public care. RESULTS: Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the combined effect of more than one exposure of interest. Maternal mental illness (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.55-4.05), maternal age at birth of the child, socio-economic status (5(th) quintile vs. 1(st) quintile OR 7.14, 95% CI 2.92-17.4), maternal drug use (OR 28.8, 95% CI 2.29-363), non attendance at appointments (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.42-4.14), child mental illness (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.42-4.96) and child admission to hospital (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.21-9.02) were all significantly associated with children entering public care. Maternal use of primary care contraception services was negatively associated with children entering public care (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31-0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in health service use can be identified from routine primary care data in mother child pairs where children enter public care after controlling for maternal age and socio-economic status. The interaction between different risk factors needs testing in a cumulative risk model using longitudinal datasets.
@article{simkiss_health_2012,
title = {Health service use in families where children enter public care: a nested case control study using the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
volume = {12},
issn = {1472-6963},
shorttitle = {Health service use in families where children enter public care},
doi = {10.1186/1472-6963-12-65},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: At least 3\% of children spend some of their childhood in public care and, as a group, have poor outcomes across a range of education, employment, health and social care outcomes. Research, using social care or government datasets, has identified a number of risk factors associated with children entering public care but the utility of risk factors in clinical practice is not established. This paper uses routine primary health care data to see if risk factors for children entering public care can be identified in clinical practice.
METHODS: A nested case control methodology using routine primary care data from the United Kingdom. Health service use data were extracted for the 12 months before the case child entered public care and compared with 12 months of data for four control mother child pairs per case pair, matched on the age and sex of the child and the general practice. Exposures of interest were developed from a systematic review of the literature on risk factors associated with children entering public care.
RESULTS: Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the combined effect of more than one exposure of interest. Maternal mental illness (OR 2.51, 95\% CI 1.55-4.05), maternal age at birth of the child, socio-economic status (5(th) quintile vs. 1(st) quintile OR 7.14, 95\% CI 2.92-17.4), maternal drug use (OR 28.8, 95\% CI 2.29-363), non attendance at appointments (OR 2.42, 95\% CI 1.42-4.14), child mental illness (OR 2.65, 95\% CI 1.42-4.96) and child admission to hospital (OR 3.31, 95\% CI 1.21-9.02) were all significantly associated with children entering public care. Maternal use of primary care contraception services was negatively associated with children entering public care (OR 0.52, 95\% CI 0.31-0.87).
CONCLUSIONS: Differences in health service use can be identified from routine primary care data in mother child pairs where children enter public care after controlling for maternal age and socio-economic status. The interaction between different risk factors needs testing in a cumulative risk model using longitudinal datasets.},
language = {eng},
journal = {BMC health services research},
author = {Simkiss, Douglas E. and Spencer, Nicholas J. and Stallard, Nigel and Thorogood, Margaret},
year = {2012},
pmid = {22424404},
pmcid = {PMC3361673},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Databases, Factual, Family Health, Female, General Practice, Great Britain, Health Services Research, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Logistic Models, Male, Maternal Age, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Mothers, Primary Health Care, Public Sector, Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Social Class, Young Adult},
pages = {65}
}Use of accelerometry to measure physical activity in adults and the elderly. Bento, T., Cortinhas, A., Leitão, J., C., & Mota, M., P. Revista de saúde pública, 46(3):561-70, 6, 2012.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex OBJECTIVE: To review the use of accelerometry as an objective measure of physical activity in adults and elderly people. METHODS: A systematic review of studies on the use of accelerometty as an objective measure to assess physical activity in adults were examined in PubMed Central, Web of Knowledge, EBSCO and Medline databases from March 29 to April 15, 2010. The following keywords were used: "accelerometry," "accelerometer," "physical activity," "PA," "patterns," "levels," "adults," "older adults," and "elderly," either alone or in combination using "AND" or "OR." The reference lists of the articles retrieved were examined to capture any other potentially relevant article. Of 899 studies initially identified, only 18 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures abstracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Eleven studies were conducted in North America (United States), five in Europe, one in Africa (Cameroon) and one in Australia. Very few enrolled older people, and only one study reported the season or time of year when data was collected. The articles selected had different methods, analyses, and results, which prevented comparison between studies. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to standardize study methods for data reporting to allow comparisons of results across studies and monitor changes in populations. These data can help design more adequate strategies for monitoring and promotion of physical activity.
@article{
title = {Use of accelerometry to measure physical activity in adults and the elderly.},
type = {article},
year = {2012},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Accelerometry,Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Exercise,Exercise: physiology,Health Services for the Aged,Humans,Middle Aged,Motor Activity,Motor Activity: physiology,Young Adult},
pages = {561-70},
volume = {46},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22450563},
month = {6},
id = {2d02ef28-e257-3bd9-9952-ae9abef4774f},
created = {2016-04-14T18:02:32.000Z},
accessed = {2014-11-04},
file_attached = {true},
profile_id = {d28af011-5164-3af4-8522-822cff4de1eb},
group_id = {e39cd875-9ef8-3fee-ad92-c9d084a63048},
last_modified = {2017-10-14T23:14:06.957Z},
tags = {accelerometry},
read = {true},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
citation_key = {Bento2012},
folder_uuids = {dc34bb65-a794-457d-b88a-9687552166f4},
private_publication = {false},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To review the use of accelerometry as an objective measure of physical activity in adults and elderly people. METHODS: A systematic review of studies on the use of accelerometty as an objective measure to assess physical activity in adults were examined in PubMed Central, Web of Knowledge, EBSCO and Medline databases from March 29 to April 15, 2010. The following keywords were used: "accelerometry," "accelerometer," "physical activity," "PA," "patterns," "levels," "adults," "older adults," and "elderly," either alone or in combination using "AND" or "OR." The reference lists of the articles retrieved were examined to capture any other potentially relevant article. Of 899 studies initially identified, only 18 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures abstracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Eleven studies were conducted in North America (United States), five in Europe, one in Africa (Cameroon) and one in Australia. Very few enrolled older people, and only one study reported the season or time of year when data was collected. The articles selected had different methods, analyses, and results, which prevented comparison between studies. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to standardize study methods for data reporting to allow comparisons of results across studies and monitor changes in populations. These data can help design more adequate strategies for monitoring and promotion of physical activity.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Bento, Teresa and Cortinhas, António and Leitão, José Carlos and Mota, Maria Paula},
journal = {Revista de saúde pública},
number = {3}
}Reduced pelvic pain in women with endometriosis: efficacy of long-term dienogest treatment. Petraglia, F., Hornung, D., Seitz, C., Faustmann, T., Gerlinger, C., Luisi, S., Lazzeri, L., & Strowitzki, T. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 285(1):167--173, January, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of dienogest as a long-term treatment in endometriosis, with follow-up after treatment discontinuation. The study included women with endometriosis, who had previously completed a 12-week, placebo-controlled study of dienogest, who participated in an open-label extension study for up to 53 weeks. Thereafter, a patient subgroup was evaluated in a 24-week follow-up after treatment discontinuation. METHODS: A multicenter study performed in Germany, Italy and Ukraine. Women with endometriosis were enrolled at completion of the placebo-controlled study (n = 168). All women received dienogest (2 mg once daily, orally) and changes in pelvic pain (on a visual analog scale), bleeding pattern, adverse events and laboratory parameters were evaluated during and after treatment. RESULTS: The completion rate among women who entered the open-label extension study was 90.5% (n = 152). A significant decrease in pelvic pain was shown during continued dienogest treatment (P \textless 0.001). The mean frequency and intensity of bleeding progressively decreased. Adverse events, rated generally mild or moderate, led to withdrawal in four patients (2.4%). No clinically relevant changes in laboratory parameters were observed. During treatment-free follow-up (n = 34), the reduction in pelvic pain persisted, while bleeding frequency and intensity returned to normal patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term dienogest showed a favorable efficacy and safety profile, with progressive decreases in pain and bleeding irregularities during continued treatment; the decrease of pelvic pain persisted for at least 24 weeks after treatment cessation.
@article{petraglia_reduced_2012,
title = {Reduced pelvic pain in women with endometriosis: efficacy of long-term dienogest treatment},
volume = {285},
issn = {1432-0711},
shorttitle = {Reduced pelvic pain in women with endometriosis},
doi = {10.1007/s00404-011-1941-7},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of dienogest as a long-term treatment in endometriosis, with follow-up after treatment discontinuation. The study included women with endometriosis, who had previously completed a 12-week, placebo-controlled study of dienogest, who participated in an open-label extension study for up to 53 weeks. Thereafter, a patient subgroup was evaluated in a 24-week follow-up after treatment discontinuation.
METHODS: A multicenter study performed in Germany, Italy and Ukraine. Women with endometriosis were enrolled at completion of the placebo-controlled study (n = 168). All women received dienogest (2 mg once daily, orally) and changes in pelvic pain (on a visual analog scale), bleeding pattern, adverse events and laboratory parameters were evaluated during and after treatment.
RESULTS: The completion rate among women who entered the open-label extension study was 90.5\% (n = 152). A significant decrease in pelvic pain was shown during continued dienogest treatment (P {\textless} 0.001). The mean frequency and intensity of bleeding progressively decreased. Adverse events, rated generally mild or moderate, led to withdrawal in four patients (2.4\%). No clinically relevant changes in laboratory parameters were observed. During treatment-free follow-up (n = 34), the reduction in pelvic pain persisted, while bleeding frequency and intensity returned to normal patterns.
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term dienogest showed a favorable efficacy and safety profile, with progressive decreases in pain and bleeding irregularities during continued treatment; the decrease of pelvic pain persisted for at least 24 weeks after treatment cessation.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics},
author = {Petraglia, Felice and Hornung, Daniela and Seitz, Christian and Faustmann, Thomas and Gerlinger, Christoph and Luisi, Stefano and Lazzeri, Lucia and Strowitzki, Thomas},
month = jan,
year = {2012},
pmid = {21681516},
pmcid = {PMC3249203},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Drug Administration Schedule, Endometriosis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Germany, Hormone Antagonists, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Nandrolone, Pelvic Pain, Ukraine, Young Adult},
pages = {167--173}
}Angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of cancer: cohort study among people receiving antihypertensive drugs in UK General Practice Research Database. Bhaskaran, K., Douglas, I., Evans, S., van Staa, T., & Smeeth, L. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 344:e2697, 2012.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether there is an association between use of angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of cancer. DESIGN: Cohort study of risk of cancer in people treated with angiotensin receptor blockers compared with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Effects were explored with time updated covariates in Cox models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes and metformin/insulin use, hypertension, heart failure, statin use, socioeconomic status, alcohol, smoking, and calendar year. Absolute changes in risk were predicted from a Poisson model incorporating the strongest determinants of risk from the main analysis. SETTING: UK primary care practices contributing to the General Practice Research Database. PARTICIPANTS: 377,649 new users of angiotensin receptor blockers or ACE inhibitors with at least one year of initial treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted hazard ratios for all cancer and major site specific cancers (breast, lung, colon, prostate) by exposure to angiotensin receptor blockers and by cumulative duration of use. RESULTS: Follow-up ended a median of 4.6 years after the start of treatment; 20,203 cancers were observed. There was no evidence of any increase in overall risk of cancer among those ever exposed to angiotensin receptor blockers (adjusted hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.06, P = 0.10). For specific cancers, there was some evidence of an increased risk of breast and prostate cancer (1.11, 1.01 to 1.21, P = 0.02; and 1.10, 1.00 to 1.20, P = 0.04; respectively), which in absolute terms corresponded to an estimated 0.5 and 1.1 extra cases, respectively, per 1000 person years of follow-up among those with the highest baseline risk. Longer duration of treatment did not seem to be associated with higher risk (P\textgreater0.15 in each case). There was a decreased risk of lung cancer (0.84, 0.75 to 0.94), but no effect on colon cancer (1.02, 0.91 to 1.16). CONCLUSIONS: Use of angiotensin receptor blockers was not associated with an increased risk of cancer overall. Observed increased risks for breast and prostate cancer were small in absolute terms, and the lack of association with duration of treatment meant that non-causal explanations could not be excluded.
@article{bhaskaran_angiotensin_2012,
title = {Angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of cancer: cohort study among people receiving antihypertensive drugs in {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
volume = {344},
issn = {1756-1833},
shorttitle = {Angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of cancer},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether there is an association between use of angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of cancer.
DESIGN: Cohort study of risk of cancer in people treated with angiotensin receptor blockers compared with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Effects were explored with time updated covariates in Cox models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes and metformin/insulin use, hypertension, heart failure, statin use, socioeconomic status, alcohol, smoking, and calendar year. Absolute changes in risk were predicted from a Poisson model incorporating the strongest determinants of risk from the main analysis.
SETTING: UK primary care practices contributing to the General Practice Research Database.
PARTICIPANTS: 377,649 new users of angiotensin receptor blockers or ACE inhibitors with at least one year of initial treatment.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted hazard ratios for all cancer and major site specific cancers (breast, lung, colon, prostate) by exposure to angiotensin receptor blockers and by cumulative duration of use.
RESULTS: Follow-up ended a median of 4.6 years after the start of treatment; 20,203 cancers were observed. There was no evidence of any increase in overall risk of cancer among those ever exposed to angiotensin receptor blockers (adjusted hazard ratio 1.03, 95\% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.06, P = 0.10). For specific cancers, there was some evidence of an increased risk of breast and prostate cancer (1.11, 1.01 to 1.21, P = 0.02; and 1.10, 1.00 to 1.20, P = 0.04; respectively), which in absolute terms corresponded to an estimated 0.5 and 1.1 extra cases, respectively, per 1000 person years of follow-up among those with the highest baseline risk. Longer duration of treatment did not seem to be associated with higher risk (P{\textgreater}0.15 in each case). There was a decreased risk of lung cancer (0.84, 0.75 to 0.94), but no effect on colon cancer (1.02, 0.91 to 1.16).
CONCLUSIONS: Use of angiotensin receptor blockers was not associated with an increased risk of cancer overall. Observed increased risks for breast and prostate cancer were small in absolute terms, and the lack of association with duration of treatment meant that non-causal explanations could not be excluded.},
language = {eng},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
author = {Bhaskaran, Krishnan and Douglas, Ian and Evans, Stephen and van Staa, Tjeerd and Smeeth, Liam},
year = {2012},
pmid = {22531797},
pmcid = {PMC3339864},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Antihypertensive Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Causality, Cohort Studies, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Family Practice, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Proportional Hazards Models, Prostatic Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Young Adult},
pages = {e2697}
}Mental workload during brain-computer interface training. Felton, A, E., Williams, C, J., Vanderheiden, C, G., Radwin, & G, R. Ergonomics, 55(5):526--537, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
It is not well understood how people perceive the difficulty of performing brain-computer interface (BCI) tasks, which specific aspects of mental workload contribute the most, and whether there is a difference in perceived workload between participants who are able-bodied and disabled. This study evaluated mental workload using the NASA Task Load Index (TLX), a multi-dimensional rating procedure with six subscales: Mental Demands, Physical Demands, Temporal Demands, Performance, Effort, and Frustration. Able-bodied and motor disabled participants completed the survey after performing EEG-based BCI Fitts' law target acquisition and phrase spelling tasks. The NASA-TLX scores were similar for able-bodied and disabled participants. For example, overall workload scores (range 0-100) for 1D horizontal tasks were 48.5 (SD = 17.7) and 46.6 (SD 10.3), respectively. The TLX can be used to inform the design of BCIs that will have greater usability by evaluating subjective workload between BCI tasks, participant groups, and control modalities. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Mental workload of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) can be evaluated with the NASA Task Load Index (TLX). The TLX is an effective tool for comparing subjective workload between BCI tasks, participant groups (able-bodied and disabled), and control modalities. The data can inform the design of BCIs that will have greater usability.
@article{ felton_mental_2012,
title = {Mental workload during brain-computer interface training},
volume = {55},
issn = {1366-5847},
doi = {10.1080/00140139.2012.662526},
abstract = {It is not well understood how people perceive the difficulty of performing brain-computer interface ({BCI}) tasks, which specific aspects of mental workload contribute the most, and whether there is a difference in perceived workload between participants who are able-bodied and disabled. This study evaluated mental workload using the {NASA} Task Load Index ({TLX}), a multi-dimensional rating procedure with six subscales: Mental Demands, Physical Demands, Temporal Demands, Performance, Effort, and Frustration. Able-bodied and motor disabled participants completed the survey after performing {EEG}-based {BCI} Fitts' law target acquisition and phrase spelling tasks. The {NASA}-{TLX} scores were similar for able-bodied and disabled participants. For example, overall workload scores (range 0-100) for 1D horizontal tasks were 48.5 ({SD} = 17.7) and 46.6 ({SD} 10.3), respectively. The {TLX} can be used to inform the design of {BCIs} that will have greater usability by evaluating subjective workload between {BCI} tasks, participant groups, and control modalities.
{PRACTITIONER} {SUMMARY}: Mental workload of brain-computer interfaces ({BCI}) can be evaluated with the {NASA} Task Load Index ({TLX}). The {TLX} is an effective tool for comparing subjective workload between {BCI} tasks, participant groups (able-bodied and disabled), and control modalities. The data can inform the design of {BCIs} that will have greater usability.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {Ergonomics},
author = {Felton, Elizabeth A and Williams, Justin C and Vanderheiden, Gregg C and Radwin, Robert G},
year = {2012},
pmid = {22506483},
pmcid = {PMC3344383},
keywords = {Adult, Aged, Brain, Child, Communication Aids for Disabled, Education, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Fatigue, Middle Aged, Neuromuscular Diseases, User-Computer Interface, Workload, Young Adult, electroencephalography},
pages = {526--537}
}Semi-recumbent body position fails to prevent healthcare-associated pneumonia in Vietnamese patients with severe tetanus. Loan H.T., Parry J., Nga N.T., Yen L.M., Binh N.T., Thuy T.T., Duong N.M., Campbell J.I., Thwaites L., Farrar J.J., & Parry C.M. 2012.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) is a common complication in patients with severe tetanus. Nursing tetanus patients in a semi-recumbent body position could reduce the incidence of HCAP. In a randomised controlled trial we compared the occurrence of HCAP in patients with severe tetanus nursed in a semi-recumbent (30degree) or supine position. A total of 229 adults and children (aged \textgreater1 year) with severe tetanus admitted to hospital in Vietnam, were randomly assigned to a supine (n=112) or semi-recumbent (n=117) position. For patients maintaining their assigned positions and in hospital for\textgreater48h there was no significant difference between the two groups in the frequency of clinically suspected pneumonia [22/106 (20.8%) vs 26/104 (25.0%); p=0.464], pneumonia rate/1000 intensive care unit days (13.9 vs 14.6; p=0.48) and pneumonia rate/1000 ventilated days (39.2 vs 38.1; p=0.72). Mortality in the supine patients was 11/112 (9.8%) compared with 17/117 (14.5%) in the semi-recumbent patients (p=0.277). The overall complication rate [57/112 (50.9%) vs 76/117 (65.0%); p=0.03] and need for tracheostomy [51/112 (45.5%) vs 69/117 (58.9%); p=0.04) was greater in semi-recumbent patients. Semi-recumbent body positioning did not prevent the occurrence of HCAP in severe tetanus patients. Copyright © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
@misc{loan_h.t._semi-recumbent_2012,
title = {Semi-recumbent body position fails to prevent healthcare-associated pneumonia in {Vietnamese} patients with severe tetanus},
abstract = {Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) is a common complication in patients with severe tetanus. Nursing tetanus patients in a semi-recumbent body position could reduce the incidence of HCAP. In a randomised controlled trial we compared the occurrence of HCAP in patients with severe tetanus nursed in a semi-recumbent (30degree) or supine position. A total of 229 adults and children (aged {\textgreater}1 year) with severe tetanus admitted to hospital in Vietnam, were randomly assigned to a supine (n=112) or semi-recumbent (n=117) position. For patients maintaining their assigned positions and in hospital for{\textgreater}48h there was no significant difference between the two groups in the frequency of clinically suspected pneumonia [22/106 (20.8\%) vs 26/104 (25.0\%); p=0.464], pneumonia rate/1000 intensive care unit days (13.9 vs 14.6; p=0.48) and pneumonia rate/1000 ventilated days (39.2 vs 38.1; p=0.72). Mortality in the supine patients was 11/112 (9.8\%) compared with 17/117 (14.5\%) in the semi-recumbent patients (p=0.277). The overall complication rate [57/112 (50.9\%) vs 76/117 (65.0\%); p=0.03] and need for tracheostomy [51/112 (45.5\%) vs 69/117 (58.9\%); p=0.04) was greater in semi-recumbent patients. Semi-recumbent body positioning did not prevent the occurrence of HCAP in severe tetanus patients. Copyright © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
journal = {Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene},
author = {{Loan H.T.} and {Parry J.} and {Nga N.T.} and {Yen L.M.} and {Binh N.T.} and {Thuy T.T.} and {Duong N.M.} and {Campbell J.I.} and {Thwaites L.} and {Farrar J.J.} and {Parry C.M.}},
year = {2012},
keywords = {*patient positioning, Child, Viet Nam, adolescent, adult, aged, artificial ventilation, comparative study, complication, controlled study, cross infection/ep [Epidemiology], cross infection/pc [Prevention], female, human, incidence, infant, intensive care unit, male, microbiology, middle aged, pneumonia/ep [Epidemiology], pneumonia/et [Etiology], pneumonia/pc [Prevention], preschool child, randomized controlled trial, tetanus, tracheostomy, treatment failure, young adult}
}Sexual transmission of predicted CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 likely originating from the source partner's seminal cells. Gianella, S., Mehta, S. R., Young, J. A., Vargas, M. V., Little, S. J., Richman, D. D., Kosakovsky Pond, S. L., & Smith, D. M. Virology, 434(1):2–4, December, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
We present a case of sexual transmission of HIV-1 predicted to have CXCR4-tropism during male-to-male sexual exposure. Phylogenetic analyses exclude cell-free virus in the seminal plasma of the source partner and possibly point to the seminal cells as the origin of the transmission event.
@article{gianella_sexual_2012,
title = {Sexual transmission of predicted {CXCR4}-tropic {HIV}-1 likely originating from the source partner's seminal cells},
volume = {434},
issn = {1096-0341},
doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2012.09.010},
abstract = {We present a case of sexual transmission of HIV-1 predicted to have CXCR4-tropism during male-to-male sexual exposure. Phylogenetic analyses exclude cell-free virus in the seminal plasma of the source partner and possibly point to the seminal cells as the origin of the transmission event.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {Virology},
author = {Gianella, Sara and Mehta, Sanjay R. and Young, Jason A. and Vargas, Milenka V. and Little, Susan J. and Richman, Douglas D. and Kosakovsky Pond, Sergei L. and Smith, Davey M.},
month = dec,
year = {2012},
pmid = {23040890},
pmcid = {PMC3485073},
keywords = {Adult, Cluster Analysis, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, RNA, Viral, Receptors, CXCR4, Receptors, HIV, Semen, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Young Adult},
pages = {2--4},
}2011 (10)
The London low emission zone baseline study. Kelly, F., Armstrong, B., Atkinson, R., Anderson, H. R., Barratt, B., Beevers, S., Cook, D., Green, D., Derwent, D., Mudway, I., Wilkinson, P., & HEI Health Review Committee Research Report (Health Effects Institute), November, 2011.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
On February 4, 2008, the world's largest low emission zone (LEZ) was established. At 2644 km2, the zone encompasses most of Greater London. It restricts the entry of the oldest and most polluting diesel vehicles, including heavy-goods vehicles (haulage trucks), buses and coaches, larger vans, and minibuses. It does not apply to cars or motorcycles. The LEZ scheme will introduce increasingly stringent Euro emissions standards over time. The creation of this zone presented a unique opportunity to estimate the effects of a stepwise reduction in vehicle emissions on air quality and health. Before undertaking such an investigation, robust baseline data were gathered on air quality and the oxidative activity and metal content of particulate matter (PM) from air pollution monitors located in Greater London. In addition, methods were developed for using databases of electronic primary-care records in order to evaluate the zone's health effects. Our study began in 2007, using information about the planned restrictions in an agreed-upon LEZ scenario and year-on-year changes in the vehicle fleet in models to predict air pollution concentrations in London for the years 2005, 2008, and 2010. Based on this detailed emissions and air pollution modeling, the areas in London were then identified that were expected to show the greatest changes in air pollution concentrations and population exposures after the implementation of the LEZ. Using these predictions, the best placement of a pollution monitoring network was determined and the feasibility of evaluating the health effects using electronic primary-care records was assessed. To measure baseline pollutant concentrations before the implementation of the LEZ, a comprehensive monitoring network was established close to major roadways and intersections. Output-difference plots from statistical modeling for 2010 indicated seven key areas likely to experience the greatest change in concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (at least 3 microg/m3) and of PM with an aerodynamic diameter \textless or = 10 microm (PM10) (at least 0.75 microg/m3) as a result of the LEZ; these suggested that the clearest signals of change were most likely to be measured near roadsides. The seven key areas were also likely to be of importance in carrying out a study to assess the health outcomes of an air quality intervention like the LEZ. Of the seven key areas, two already had monitoring sites with a full complement of equipment, four had monitoring sites that required upgrades of existing equipment, and one required a completely new installation. With the upgrades and new installations in place, fully ratified (verified) pollutant data (for PM10, PM with an aerodynamic diameter \textless or = 2.5 microm [PM2.5], nitrogen oxides [NOx], and ozone [O3] at all sites as well as for particle number, black smoke [BS], carbon monoxide [CO], and sulfur dioxide [SO2] at selected sites) were then collected for analysis. In addition, the seven key monitoring sites were supported by other sites in the London Air Quality Network (LAQN). From these, a robust set of baseline air quality data was produced. Data from automatic and manual traffic counters as well as automatic license-plate recognition cameras were used to compile detailed vehicle profiles. This enabled us to establish more precise associations between ambient pollutant concentrations and vehicle emissions. An additional goal of the study was to collect baseline PM data in order to test the hypothesis that changes in traffic densities and vehicle mixes caused by the LEZ would affect the oxidative potential and metal content of ambient PM10 and PM2.5. The resulting baseline PM data set was the first to describe, in detail, the oxidative potential and metal content of the PM10 and PM2.5 of a major city's airshed. PM in London has considerable oxidative potential; clear differences in this measure were found from site to site, with evidence that the oxidative potential of both PM10 and PM2.5 at roadside monitoring sites was higher than at urban background locations. In the PM10 samples this increased oxidative activity appeared to be associated with increased concentrations of copper (Cu), barium (Ba), and bathophenanthroline disulfonate-mobilized iron (BPS Fe) in the roadside samples. In the PM2.5 samples, no simple association could be seen, suggesting that other unmeasured components were driving the increased oxidative potential in this fraction of the roadside samples. These data suggest that two components were contributing to the oxidative potential of roadside PM, namely Cu and BPS Fe in the coarse fraction of PM (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm to 10 microm; PM(2.5-10)) and an unidentified redox catalyst in PM2.5. The data derived for this baseline study confirmed key observations from a more limited spatial mapping exercise published in our earlier HEI report on the introduction of the London's Congestion Charging Scheme (CCS) in 2003 (Kelly et al. 2011a,b). In addition, the data set in the current report provided robust baseline information on the oxidative potential and metal content of PM found in the London airshed in the period before implementation of the LEZ; the finding that a proportion of the oxidative potential appears in the PM coarse mode and is apparently related to brake wear raises important issues regarding the nature of traffic management schemes. The final goal of this baseline study was to establish the feasibility, in ethical and operational terms, of using the U.K.'s electronic primary-care records to evaluate the effects of the LEZ on human health outcomes. Data on consultations and prescriptions were compiled from a pilot group of general practices (13 distributed across London, with 100,000 patients; 29 situated in the inner London Borough of Lambeth, with 200,000 patients). Ethics approvals were obtained to link individual primary-care records to modeled NOx concentrations by means of post-codes. (To preserve anonymity, the postcodes were removed before delivery to the research team.) A wide range of NOx exposures was found across London as well as within and between the practices examined. Although we observed little association between NOx exposure and smoking status, a positive relationship was found between exposure and increased socioeconomic deprivation. The health outcomes we chose to study were asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, wheeze, hay fever, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. These outcomes were measured as prevalence or incidence. Their distributions by age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity, and smoking were found to accord with those reported in the epidemiology literature. No cross-sectional positive associations were found between exposure to NOx and any of the studied health outcomes; some associations were significantly negative. After the pilot study, a suitable primary-care database of London patients was identified, the General Practice Research Database responsible for giving us access to these data agreed to collaborate in the evaluation of the LEZ, and an acceptable method of ensuring privacy of the records was agreed upon. The database included about 350,000 patients who had remained at the same address over the four-year period of the study. Power calculations for a controlled longitudinal analysis were then performed, indicating that for outcomes such as consultations for respiratory illnesses or prescriptions for asthma there was sufficient power to identify a 5% to 10% reduction in consultations for patients most exposed to the intervention compared with patients presumed to not be exposed to it. In conclusion, the work undertaken in this study provides a good foundation for future LEZ evaluations. Our extensive monitoring network, measuring a comprehensive set of pollutants (and a range of particle metrics), will continue to provide a valuable tool both for assessing the impact of LEZ regulations on air quality in London and for furthering understanding of the link between PM's composition and toxicity. Finally, we believe that in combination with our modeling of the predicted population-based changes in pollution exposure in London, the use of primary-care databases forms a sound basis and has sufficient statistical power for the evaluation of the potential impact of the LEZ on human health.
@article{kelly_london_2011,
title = {The {London} low emission zone baseline study},
issn = {1041-5505},
abstract = {On February 4, 2008, the world's largest low emission zone (LEZ) was established. At 2644 km2, the zone encompasses most of Greater London. It restricts the entry of the oldest and most polluting diesel vehicles, including heavy-goods vehicles (haulage trucks), buses and coaches, larger vans, and minibuses. It does not apply to cars or motorcycles. The LEZ scheme will introduce increasingly stringent Euro emissions standards over time. The creation of this zone presented a unique opportunity to estimate the effects of a stepwise reduction in vehicle emissions on air quality and health. Before undertaking such an investigation, robust baseline data were gathered on air quality and the oxidative activity and metal content of particulate matter (PM) from air pollution monitors located in Greater London. In addition, methods were developed for using databases of electronic primary-care records in order to evaluate the zone's health effects. Our study began in 2007, using information about the planned restrictions in an agreed-upon LEZ scenario and year-on-year changes in the vehicle fleet in models to predict air pollution concentrations in London for the years 2005, 2008, and 2010. Based on this detailed emissions and air pollution modeling, the areas in London were then identified that were expected to show the greatest changes in air pollution concentrations and population exposures after the implementation of the LEZ. Using these predictions, the best placement of a pollution monitoring network was determined and the feasibility of evaluating the health effects using electronic primary-care records was assessed. To measure baseline pollutant concentrations before the implementation of the LEZ, a comprehensive monitoring network was established close to major roadways and intersections. Output-difference plots from statistical modeling for 2010 indicated seven key areas likely to experience the greatest change in concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (at least 3 microg/m3) and of PM with an aerodynamic diameter {\textless} or = 10 microm (PM10) (at least 0.75 microg/m3) as a result of the LEZ; these suggested that the clearest signals of change were most likely to be measured near roadsides. The seven key areas were also likely to be of importance in carrying out a study to assess the health outcomes of an air quality intervention like the LEZ. Of the seven key areas, two already had monitoring sites with a full complement of equipment, four had monitoring sites that required upgrades of existing equipment, and one required a completely new installation. With the upgrades and new installations in place, fully ratified (verified) pollutant data (for PM10, PM with an aerodynamic diameter {\textless} or = 2.5 microm [PM2.5], nitrogen oxides [NOx], and ozone [O3] at all sites as well as for particle number, black smoke [BS], carbon monoxide [CO], and sulfur dioxide [SO2] at selected sites) were then collected for analysis. In addition, the seven key monitoring sites were supported by other sites in the London Air Quality Network (LAQN). From these, a robust set of baseline air quality data was produced. Data from automatic and manual traffic counters as well as automatic license-plate recognition cameras were used to compile detailed vehicle profiles. This enabled us to establish more precise associations between ambient pollutant concentrations and vehicle emissions. An additional goal of the study was to collect baseline PM data in order to test the hypothesis that changes in traffic densities and vehicle mixes caused by the LEZ would affect the oxidative potential and metal content of ambient PM10 and PM2.5. The resulting baseline PM data set was the first to describe, in detail, the oxidative potential and metal content of the PM10 and PM2.5 of a major city's airshed. PM in London has considerable oxidative potential; clear differences in this measure were found from site to site, with evidence that the oxidative potential of both PM10 and PM2.5 at roadside monitoring sites was higher than at urban background locations. In the PM10 samples this increased oxidative activity appeared to be associated with increased concentrations of copper (Cu), barium (Ba), and bathophenanthroline disulfonate-mobilized iron (BPS Fe) in the roadside samples. In the PM2.5 samples, no simple association could be seen, suggesting that other unmeasured components were driving the increased oxidative potential in this fraction of the roadside samples. These data suggest that two components were contributing to the oxidative potential of roadside PM, namely Cu and BPS Fe in the coarse fraction of PM (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm to 10 microm; PM(2.5-10)) and an unidentified redox catalyst in PM2.5. The data derived for this baseline study confirmed key observations from a more limited spatial mapping exercise published in our earlier HEI report on the introduction of the London's Congestion Charging Scheme (CCS) in 2003 (Kelly et al. 2011a,b). In addition, the data set in the current report provided robust baseline information on the oxidative potential and metal content of PM found in the London airshed in the period before implementation of the LEZ; the finding that a proportion of the oxidative potential appears in the PM coarse mode and is apparently related to brake wear raises important issues regarding the nature of traffic management schemes. The final goal of this baseline study was to establish the feasibility, in ethical and operational terms, of using the U.K.'s electronic primary-care records to evaluate the effects of the LEZ on human health outcomes. Data on consultations and prescriptions were compiled from a pilot group of general practices (13 distributed across London, with 100,000 patients; 29 situated in the inner London Borough of Lambeth, with 200,000 patients). Ethics approvals were obtained to link individual primary-care records to modeled NOx concentrations by means of post-codes. (To preserve anonymity, the postcodes were removed before delivery to the research team.) A wide range of NOx exposures was found across London as well as within and between the practices examined. Although we observed little association between NOx exposure and smoking status, a positive relationship was found between exposure and increased socioeconomic deprivation. The health outcomes we chose to study were asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, wheeze, hay fever, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. These outcomes were measured as prevalence or incidence. Their distributions by age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity, and smoking were found to accord with those reported in the epidemiology literature. No cross-sectional positive associations were found between exposure to NOx and any of the studied health outcomes; some associations were significantly negative. After the pilot study, a suitable primary-care database of London patients was identified, the General Practice Research Database responsible for giving us access to these data agreed to collaborate in the evaluation of the LEZ, and an acceptable method of ensuring privacy of the records was agreed upon. The database included about 350,000 patients who had remained at the same address over the four-year period of the study. Power calculations for a controlled longitudinal analysis were then performed, indicating that for outcomes such as consultations for respiratory illnesses or prescriptions for asthma there was sufficient power to identify a 5\% to 10\% reduction in consultations for patients most exposed to the intervention compared with patients presumed to not be exposed to it. In conclusion, the work undertaken in this study provides a good foundation for future LEZ evaluations. Our extensive monitoring network, measuring a comprehensive set of pollutants (and a range of particle metrics), will continue to provide a valuable tool both for assessing the impact of LEZ regulations on air quality in London and for furthering understanding of the link between PM's composition and toxicity. Finally, we believe that in combination with our modeling of the predicted population-based changes in pollution exposure in London, the use of primary-care databases forms a sound basis and has sufficient statistical power for the evaluation of the potential impact of the LEZ on human health.},
language = {eng},
number = {163},
journal = {Research Report (Health Effects Institute)},
author = {Kelly, Frank and Armstrong, Ben and Atkinson, Richard and Anderson, H. Ross and Barratt, Ben and Beevers, Sean and Cook, Derek and Green, Dave and Derwent, Dick and Mudway, Ian and Wilkinson, Paul and {HEI Health Review Committee}},
month = nov,
year = {2011},
pmid = {22315924},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, London, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Metals, Middle Aged, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter, Pilot Projects, Primary Health Care, Small-Area Analysis, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Vehicle Emissions, Young Adult},
pages = {3--79}
}Conscientious refusals by hospitals and emergency contraception. Wicclair & R, M. Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics: CQ: the international journal of healthcare ethics committees, 20(1):130--138, January, 2011.
doi bibtex
doi bibtex
@article{ wicclair_conscientious_2011,
title = {Conscientious refusals by hospitals and emergency contraception},
volume = {20},
issn = {1469-2147},
doi = {10.1017/S0963180110000691},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics: {CQ}: the international journal of healthcare ethics committees},
author = {Wicclair, Mark R},
month = {January},
year = {2011},
pmid = {21223617},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Catholicism, Child Abuse, Sexual, Choice Behavior, Conscience, Contraception, Postcoital, Contraceptives, Postcoital, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Personal Autonomy, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Tests, Prescription Drugs, Rape, Refusal to Treat, Sex Offenses, Young Adult},
pages = {130--138}
}Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-warfarin drug interaction: a randomized controlled trial. Zhang, Q., Simoneau, G., Verstuyft, C., Drouet, L., dit Sollier, C. B., Alvarez, J., Rizzo-Padoin, N., Bergmann, J. F., Becquemont, L., & Mouly, S. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 71(2):232–236, February, 2011.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex AIMS To investigate whether an interaction exists between amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxiclav) and warfarin in patients treated with stable oral anticoagulant therapy. METHODS In a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study, 12 patients on stable warfarin therapy, received a 7 day amoxiclav regimen or placebo. RESULTS The mean maximum increase in INR observed was 0.22 ± 0.3 with amoxiclav vs. 0.24 ± 0.6 with placebo (P= 0.94). The day 7–day 1 factor II, R(–) and S(–) warfarin plasma concentrations were similar during the amoxiclav and placebo study periods (P= 0.81, P= 0.45, P= 0.75, respectively). CONCLUSION Amoxiclav did not modify anticoagulation in patients treated with stable warfarin therapy and without infection.
@article{zhang_amoxicillin/clavulanic_2011,
title = {Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-warfarin drug interaction: a randomized controlled trial},
volume = {71},
issn = {0306-5251},
shorttitle = {Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-warfarin drug interaction},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040543/},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03824.x},
abstract = {AIMS
To investigate whether an interaction exists between amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxiclav) and warfarin in patients treated with stable oral anticoagulant therapy.
METHODS
In a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study, 12 patients on stable warfarin therapy, received a 7 day amoxiclav regimen or placebo.
RESULTS
The mean maximum increase in INR observed was 0.22 ± 0.3 with amoxiclav vs. 0.24 ± 0.6 with placebo (P= 0.94). The day 7–day 1 factor II, R(–) and S(–) warfarin plasma concentrations were similar during the amoxiclav and placebo study periods (P= 0.81, P= 0.45, P= 0.75, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Amoxiclav did not modify anticoagulation in patients treated with stable warfarin therapy and without infection.},
number = {2},
urldate = {2014-06-25TZ},
journal = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
author = {Zhang, Qian and Simoneau, Guy and Verstuyft, Celine and Drouet, Ludovic and dit Sollier, Claire Bal and Alvarez, Jean-Claude and Rizzo-Padoin, Nathalie and Bergmann, Jean Francois and Becquemont, Laurent and Mouly, Stephane},
month = feb,
year = {2011},
pmid = {21219403},
pmcid = {PMC3040543},
keywords = {Adult, Aged, Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Anticoagulants, Blood Coagulation, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Drug Interactions, Female, Humans, International Normalized Ratio, Male, Middle Aged, Prothrombin, Warfarin, Young Adult},
pages = {232--236}
}Advancing the argument for validity of the Alberta Context Tool with healthcare aides in residential long-term care. Estabrooks, C., A., Squires, J., E., Hayduk, L., A., Cummings, G., G., & Norton, P., G. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11:107, 12, 2011.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Organizational context has the potential to influence the use of new knowledge. However, despite advances in understanding the theoretical base of organizational context, its measurement has not been adequately addressed, limiting our ability to quantify and assess context in healthcare settings and thus, advance development of contextual interventions to improve patient care. We developed the Alberta Context Tool (the ACT) to address this concern. It consists of 58 items representing 10 modifiable contextual concepts. We reported the initial validation of the ACT in 2009. This paper presents the second stage of the psychometric validation of the ACT.
@article{
title = {Advancing the argument for validity of the Alberta Context Tool with healthcare aides in residential long-term care},
type = {article},
year = {2011},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Alberta Context Tool (ACT)},
pages = {107},
volume = {11},
websites = {http://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2288-11-107},
month = {12},
day = {18},
id = {6cfd6b22-8bd6-344d-a565-9bf88fb1e055},
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last_modified = {2018-01-23T15:59:04.281Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
citation_key = {Estabrooks2011g},
private_publication = {false},
abstract = {Organizational context has the potential to influence the use of new knowledge. However, despite advances in understanding the theoretical base of organizational context, its measurement has not been adequately addressed, limiting our ability to quantify and assess context in healthcare settings and thus, advance development of contextual interventions to improve patient care. We developed the Alberta Context Tool (the ACT) to address this concern. It consists of 58 items representing 10 modifiable contextual concepts. We reported the initial validation of the ACT in 2009. This paper presents the second stage of the psychometric validation of the ACT.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Estabrooks, Carole A and Squires, Janet E and Hayduk, Leslie A and Cummings, Greta G and Norton, Peter G},
journal = {BMC Medical Research Methodology}
}Use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion. Nakhai-Pour, H. R., Broy, P., Sheehy, O., & Bérard, A. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 183(15):1713–1720, October, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: The association between the use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion remains unclear because of inconsistent research results and the lack of evidence for an effect due to specific types or dosages of nonaspirin NSAIDs. We aimed to quantify the association between having a spontaneous abortion and types and dosages of nonaspirin NSAIDs in a cohort of pregnant women. METHODS: Using a nested case-control design, we obtained data from the Quebec Pregnancy Registry for 4705 women who had a spontaneous abortion. For each instance, we randomly selected 10 controls from the remaining women in the registry who were matched by index date (date of the spontaneous abortion) and gestational age. Use of nonaspirin NSAIDs (identified by filled prescriptions) and nonuse were compared. We also looked for associations between different types and dosages of nonaspirin NSAIDs and having a spontaneous abortion. Analyses of associations and adjustment for confounding were done using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: We identified 4705 cases of spontaneous abortion (352 exposed [7.5%]); 47 050 controls (1213 exposed [2.6%]). Adjusting for potential confounders, the use of nonaspirin NSAIDs during pregnancy was significantly associated with the risk of spontaneous abortion (odds ratio [OR] 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12-2.79). Specifically, use of diclofenac (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.96-4.87), naproxen (OR 2.64, 95% CI 2.13-3.28), celecoxib (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.42-3.45), ibuprofen (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.61-2.96) and rofecoxib (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.24-2.70) alone, and combinations thereof (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.59-4.39), were all associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion. No dose-response effect was seen. INTERPRETATION: Gestational exposure to any type or dosage of nonaspirin NSAIDs may increase the risk of spontaneous abortion. These drugs should be used with caution during pregnancy.
@article{nakhai-pour_use_2011,
title = {Use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion},
volume = {183},
issn = {1488-2329},
doi = {10.1503/cmaj.110454},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The association between the use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion remains unclear because of inconsistent research results and the lack of evidence for an effect due to specific types or dosages of nonaspirin NSAIDs. We aimed to quantify the association between having a spontaneous abortion and types and dosages of nonaspirin NSAIDs in a cohort of pregnant women.
METHODS: Using a nested case-control design, we obtained data from the Quebec Pregnancy Registry for 4705 women who had a spontaneous abortion. For each instance, we randomly selected 10 controls from the remaining women in the registry who were matched by index date (date of the spontaneous abortion) and gestational age. Use of nonaspirin NSAIDs (identified by filled prescriptions) and nonuse were compared. We also looked for associations between different types and dosages of nonaspirin NSAIDs and having a spontaneous abortion. Analyses of associations and adjustment for confounding were done using conditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: We identified 4705 cases of spontaneous abortion (352 exposed [7.5\%]); 47 050 controls (1213 exposed [2.6\%]). Adjusting for potential confounders, the use of nonaspirin NSAIDs during pregnancy was significantly associated with the risk of spontaneous abortion (odds ratio [OR] 2.43, 95\% confidence interval [CI] 2.12-2.79). Specifically, use of diclofenac (OR 3.09, 95\% CI 1.96-4.87), naproxen (OR 2.64, 95\% CI 2.13-3.28), celecoxib (OR 2.21, 95\% CI 1.42-3.45), ibuprofen (OR 2.19, 95\% CI 1.61-2.96) and rofecoxib (OR 1.83, 95\% CI 1.24-2.70) alone, and combinations thereof (OR 2.64, 95\% CI 1.59-4.39), were all associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion. No dose-response effect was seen.
INTERPRETATION: Gestational exposure to any type or dosage of nonaspirin NSAIDs may increase the risk of spontaneous abortion. These drugs should be used with caution during pregnancy.},
language = {eng},
number = {15},
journal = {CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne},
author = {Nakhai-Pour, Hamid Reza and Broy, Perrine and Sheehy, Odile and Bérard, Anick},
month = oct,
year = {2011},
pmid = {21896698},
pmcid = {PMC3193112},
keywords = {Abortion, Spontaneous, Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Pregnancy, Registries, Risk, Young Adult},
pages = {1713--1720},
}Management of warfarin in children with heart disease. Mahle, W., Simpson, S., Fye, P, & McConnell, M. Pediatr Cardiol, 32(8):1115–1119, December, 2011.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Warfarin is an important therapy for children with heart disease. We assessed the impact of a computerized warfarin-dosing software program on measured INR values using a historical case-control design. Children (infant to 20 years of age) with cardiac disease managed with warfarin between September 1, 2006, and August 31, 2009 were included in the analysis. Warfarin therapy was tailored to specific underlying conditions based on consensus guidelines. Before the use of dosing software, medication adjustments were made by physicians using published guidelines. After software implementation, dosing adjustments were based on the software algorithm. There were 86 subjects in this analysis, and the most common indication for warfarin was prosthetic valve. Overall, the incidence of adverse bleeding events was 1.3% per patient-year. An analysis of patient-related factors associated with a low percentage of time within goal range demonstrated that both female sex (P = 0.048) and nonwhite race (P = 0.037) were significantly associated with less time in the target range. Use of the software program was associated with an increase in the percentage of time during which the INR was within the target range from 41.4 to 53.1% (P \textless 0.001). Incorporation of a computerized software program to assist dosing can improve the percentage of time that children with cardiac disease requiring warfarin remain within the target therapeutic range. Strategies to improve management and decrease sex and racial disparities in this population are needed.
@article{mahle_management_2011,
title = {Management of warfarin in children with heart disease.},
volume = {32},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21499856},
doi = {10.1007/s00246-011-9984-x},
abstract = {Warfarin is an important therapy for children with heart disease. We assessed the impact of a computerized warfarin-dosing software program on measured INR values using a historical case-control design. Children (infant to 20 years of age) with cardiac disease managed with warfarin between September 1, 2006, and August 31, 2009 were included in the analysis. Warfarin therapy was tailored to specific underlying conditions based on consensus guidelines. Before the use of dosing software, medication adjustments were made by physicians using published guidelines. After software implementation, dosing adjustments were based on the software algorithm. There were 86 subjects in this analysis, and the most common indication for warfarin was prosthetic valve. Overall, the incidence of adverse bleeding events was 1.3\% per patient-year. An analysis of patient-related factors associated with a low percentage of time within goal range demonstrated that both female sex (P = 0.048) and nonwhite race (P = 0.037) were significantly associated with less time in the target range. Use of the software program was associated with an increase in the percentage of time during which the INR was within the target range from 41.4 to 53.1\% (P {\textless} 0.001). Incorporation of a computerized software program to assist dosing can improve the percentage of time that children with cardiac disease requiring warfarin remain within the target therapeutic range. Strategies to improve management and decrease sex and racial disparities in this population are needed.},
language = {eng},
number = {8},
journal = {Pediatr Cardiol},
author = {Mahle, WT and Simpson, SA and Fye, P and McConnell, ME},
month = dec,
year = {2011},
keywords = {Young Adult},
pages = {1115--1119}
}Comprehensive comparison of drug prescribing in the United States and United Kingdom. Parkin, L., Hagberg, K. W., & Jick, H. Pharmacotherapy, 31(7):623--629, July, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of outpatient drug prescribing in the United States and United Kingdom according to individual drugs and therapeutic categories during 2004-2006. DESIGN: Retrospective prescription record review. DATA SOURCES: United Kingdom General Practice Research Database, and the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database for U.S. data. SUBJECTS: In the U.K. database, we identified 1.6 million people younger than 65 years who were prescribed at least one prescription drug in at least one of the calendar years during the study period (2004-2006). For comparison, for each U.K. person identified, we randomly identified one person of the same sex and year of birth in the U.S. database who was also prescribed at least one drug in the same calendar year. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We compared the frequency of prescribing of individual drugs, as well as selected therapeutic categories. Substantially higher proportions of people in the United States were prescribed antibiotics, statins, and postmenopausal hormones, but asthma drugs were prescribed more frequently in the United Kingdom. In those younger than 20 years, antidepressants and antipsychotics were prescribed more than twice as frequently in the United States, and males in the United States were far more likely to be prescribed drugs for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder than were their counterparts in the United Kingdom. CONCLUSION: This study provides documented quantification of differing patterns of drug use in the United States and United Kingdom during 2004-2006. The higher proportionate prescribing for most indications in the United States and the greater use of drugs under patent suggest that monetary costs are likely to be considerably higher in the United States than in the United Kingdom.
@article{parkin_comprehensive_2011,
title = {Comprehensive comparison of drug prescribing in the {United} {States} and {United} {Kingdom}},
volume = {31},
issn = {1875-9114},
doi = {10.1592/phco.31.7.623},
abstract = {STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of outpatient drug prescribing in the United States and United Kingdom according to individual drugs and therapeutic categories during 2004-2006.
DESIGN: Retrospective prescription record review.
DATA SOURCES: United Kingdom General Practice Research Database, and the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database for U.S. data.
SUBJECTS: In the U.K. database, we identified 1.6 million people younger than 65 years who were prescribed at least one prescription drug in at least one of the calendar years during the study period (2004-2006). For comparison, for each U.K. person identified, we randomly identified one person of the same sex and year of birth in the U.S. database who was also prescribed at least one drug in the same calendar year.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We compared the frequency of prescribing of individual drugs, as well as selected therapeutic categories. Substantially higher proportions of people in the United States were prescribed antibiotics, statins, and postmenopausal hormones, but asthma drugs were prescribed more frequently in the United Kingdom. In those younger than 20 years, antidepressants and antipsychotics were prescribed more than twice as frequently in the United States, and males in the United States were far more likely to be prescribed drugs for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder than were their counterparts in the United Kingdom.
CONCLUSION: This study provides documented quantification of differing patterns of drug use in the United States and United Kingdom during 2004-2006. The higher proportionate prescribing for most indications in the United States and the greater use of drugs under patent suggest that monetary costs are likely to be considerably higher in the United States than in the United Kingdom.},
language = {eng},
number = {7},
journal = {Pharmacotherapy},
author = {Parkin, Lianne and Hagberg, Katrina Wilcox and Jick, Hershel},
month = jul,
year = {2011},
pmid = {21923448},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Databases, Factual, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physician's Practice Patterns, Prescription Drugs, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, United States, Young Adult},
pages = {623--629}
}Patterns of adult stepping cadence in the 2005-2006 NHANES. Tudor-Locke, C., Camhi, S., M., Leonardi, C., Johnson, W., D., Katzmarzyk, P., T., Earnest, C., P., & Church, T., S. Preventive medicine, 53(3):178-81, Elsevier Inc., 9, 2011.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex OBJECTIVE: Laboratory studies of adult walking behavior have consistently found that a cadence of 100 steps/min is a reasonable threshold for moderate intensity. The purpose of this study was to determine cadence patterns in free-living adults, and in particular, time spent at increasing cadence increments including 100 steps/min and beyond.
METHOD: 3744 adults ≥20 years provided at least one valid day (minimally 10/24 h of wear) of minute-by-minute accelerometer-determined step data during the 2005-2006 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Means for time spent (min/day) and steps/day were calculated for 8 cadence categories including zero and each incremental cadence band thereafter beginning with 1-19 through 100-119, and beyond to 120+steps/min.
RESULTS: U.S. adults accumulate ≅4.8 h/day of zero cadence during wearing time, ≅8.7 h between 1 and 59 steps/min, ≅16 min/day at cadences of 60-79 steps/min, ≅8 min at 80-99 steps/min, ≅5 min at 100-119 steps/min, and ≅2 min at 120+steps/min.
CONCLUSION: Self-selected walking at 100+steps/min was a rare phenomenon in this large free-living sample of the U.S. population, but study participants did accumulate ≅30 min/day at cadences of 60+steps/min.
@article{
title = {Patterns of adult stepping cadence in the 2005-2006 NHANES.},
type = {article},
year = {2011},
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pages = {178-81},
volume = {53},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21708187},
month = {9},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
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abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Laboratory studies of adult walking behavior have consistently found that a cadence of 100 steps/min is a reasonable threshold for moderate intensity. The purpose of this study was to determine cadence patterns in free-living adults, and in particular, time spent at increasing cadence increments including 100 steps/min and beyond.
METHOD: 3744 adults ≥20 years provided at least one valid day (minimally 10/24 h of wear) of minute-by-minute accelerometer-determined step data during the 2005-2006 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Means for time spent (min/day) and steps/day were calculated for 8 cadence categories including zero and each incremental cadence band thereafter beginning with 1-19 through 100-119, and beyond to 120+steps/min.
RESULTS: U.S. adults accumulate ≅4.8 h/day of zero cadence during wearing time, ≅8.7 h between 1 and 59 steps/min, ≅16 min/day at cadences of 60-79 steps/min, ≅8 min at 80-99 steps/min, ≅5 min at 100-119 steps/min, and ≅2 min at 120+steps/min.
CONCLUSION: Self-selected walking at 100+steps/min was a rare phenomenon in this large free-living sample of the U.S. population, but study participants did accumulate ≅30 min/day at cadences of 60+steps/min.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Tudor-Locke, Catrine and Camhi, Sarah M and Leonardi, Claudia and Johnson, William D and Katzmarzyk, Peter T and Earnest, Conrad P and Church, Timothy S},
journal = {Preventive medicine},
number = {3}
}Uterine perforation with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device: analysis of reports from four national pharmacovigilance centres. van Grootheest, K., Sachs, B., Harrison-Woolrych, M., Caduff-Janosa, P., & van Puijenbroek, E. Drug Safety, 34(1):83--88, January, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (LNG-IUD) are commonly used for contraception and other indications in many countries. National pharmacovigilance centres have been receiving reports from healthcare professionals and patients of uterine perforation associated with the use of these LNG-IUDs. METHODS: National pharmacovigilance centres in the Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland and Germany did a search on their adverse drug reaction databases for reports of cases of uterine perforation after insertion of a LNG-IUD received between the introduction of the LNG-IUD onto the market in the late 1990s and 15 July 2007. The number of women affected and patient characteristics such as age, parity and breastfeeding status were examined. In addition, the method of detection of the perforation and the time until discovery of the perforation were analysed. RESULTS: Between the introduction of the LNG-IUD onto the market in each country and 15 July 2007, 701 cases of uterine perforation with a LNG-IUD were reported; 8.5% of the perforations were detected at the time of insertion. Abdominal pain and control/check-up visits were the most common events that lead to the detection of a perforation. Of 462 women known to be parous, 192 (42%) were breastfeeding at the time the perforation was discovered. CONCLUSIONS: Uterine perforations can be asymptomatic and may remain undetected for a long time after IUD insertion. Abdominal pain, control/check-up visits or changes in bleeding patterns are triggers for detection of perforation and should therefore be taken seriously.
@article{van_grootheest_uterine_2011,
title = {Uterine perforation with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device: analysis of reports from four national pharmacovigilance centres},
volume = {34},
issn = {0114-5916},
shorttitle = {Uterine perforation with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device},
doi = {10.2165/11585050-000000000-00000},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (LNG-IUD) are commonly used for contraception and other indications in many countries. National pharmacovigilance centres have been receiving reports from healthcare professionals and patients of uterine perforation associated with the use of these LNG-IUDs.
METHODS: National pharmacovigilance centres in the Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland and Germany did a search on their adverse drug reaction databases for reports of cases of uterine perforation after insertion of a LNG-IUD received between the introduction of the LNG-IUD onto the market in the late 1990s and 15 July 2007. The number of women affected and patient characteristics such as age, parity and breastfeeding status were examined. In addition, the method of detection of the perforation and the time until discovery of the perforation were analysed.
RESULTS: Between the introduction of the LNG-IUD onto the market in each country and 15 July 2007, 701 cases of uterine perforation with a LNG-IUD were reported; 8.5\% of the perforations were detected at the time of insertion. Abdominal pain and control/check-up visits were the most common events that lead to the detection of a perforation. Of 462 women known to be parous, 192 (42\%) were breastfeeding at the time the perforation was discovered.
CONCLUSIONS: Uterine perforations can be asymptomatic and may remain undetected for a long time after IUD insertion. Abdominal pain, control/check-up visits or changes in bleeding patterns are triggers for detection of perforation and should therefore be taken seriously.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {Drug Safety},
author = {van Grootheest, Kees and Sachs, Bernhardt and Harrison-Woolrych, Mira and Caduff-Janosa, Pia and van Puijenbroek, Eugène},
month = jan,
year = {2011},
pmid = {21142273},
keywords = {Abdominal Pain, Adolescent, Adult, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Breast Feeding, Contraceptive Agents, Female, Databases, Factual, Female, Foreign-Body Migration, Humans, Intrauterine Devices, Medicated, Levonorgestrel, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Uterine Perforation, Young Adult},
pages = {83--88}
}Mortality in Wegener's granulomatosis: a bimodal pattern. Luqmani, R., Suppiah, R., Edwards, C. J., Phillip, R., Maskell, J., Culliford, D., Jayne, D., Morishita, K., & Arden, N. Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 50(4):697--702, April, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the long-term mortality in patients with WG compared with matched population-based controls. METHODS: We used data from the General Practice Research Database, which contains the computerized records of 6.25 million patients and is representative of the population of the UK. We identified all subjects with a new diagnosis of WG in the period 1989-2004, and for each case, compared mortality with 10 controls matched for age, gender and practice. RESULTS: We identified 255 patients with a new diagnosis of WG (mean age 58.1 years, range 9-90 years, 47% females) and 2546 controls (mean age 58.1 years, range 9-89 years, 47% females). Mean follow-up was 6.4 years. The mortality for patients with WG was significantly increased during the first year after diagnosis [HR 9.0 (95% CI 5.8, 13.9)], especially for those ≤ 65 years of age [HR 19.9 (95% CI 8.8, 44.9)]. The excess mortality was less marked after the first year: 1-5 years [HR 1.68 (95% CI 1.08, 2.60)], 5-10 years [HR 2.41 (95% CI 1.43, 4.07)], but started to increase by 10-15 years [HR 4.4 (95% CI 2.0, 9.8)]. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed an increase in mortality after 8 years. CONCLUSIONS: Despite current therapy, patients with WG have a 9-fold increased risk of death in the first year of disease, attributed to infection, active vasculitis and renal failure. Between 1 and 8 years the risk is at its lowest, although higher than the control population. There is an increased mortality from 8 years onwards that remains unexplained.
@article{luqmani_mortality_2011,
title = {Mortality in {Wegener}'s granulomatosis: a bimodal pattern},
volume = {50},
issn = {1462-0332},
shorttitle = {Mortality in {Wegener}'s granulomatosis},
doi = {10.1093/rheumatology/keq351},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To characterize the long-term mortality in patients with WG compared with matched population-based controls.
METHODS: We used data from the General Practice Research Database, which contains the computerized records of 6.25 million patients and is representative of the population of the UK. We identified all subjects with a new diagnosis of WG in the period 1989-2004, and for each case, compared mortality with 10 controls matched for age, gender and practice.
RESULTS: We identified 255 patients with a new diagnosis of WG (mean age 58.1 years, range 9-90 years, 47\% females) and 2546 controls (mean age 58.1 years, range 9-89 years, 47\% females). Mean follow-up was 6.4 years. The mortality for patients with WG was significantly increased during the first year after diagnosis [HR 9.0 (95\% CI 5.8, 13.9)], especially for those ≤ 65 years of age [HR 19.9 (95\% CI 8.8, 44.9)]. The excess mortality was less marked after the first year: 1-5 years [HR 1.68 (95\% CI 1.08, 2.60)], 5-10 years [HR 2.41 (95\% CI 1.43, 4.07)], but started to increase by 10-15 years [HR 4.4 (95\% CI 2.0, 9.8)]. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed an increase in mortality after 8 years.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite current therapy, patients with WG have a 9-fold increased risk of death in the first year of disease, attributed to infection, active vasculitis and renal failure. Between 1 and 8 years the risk is at its lowest, although higher than the control population. There is an increased mortality from 8 years onwards that remains unexplained.},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
journal = {Rheumatology (Oxford, England)},
author = {Luqmani, Raashid and Suppiah, Ravi and Edwards, Christopher J. and Phillip, Rhodri and Maskell, Joe and Culliford, David and Jayne, David and Morishita, Kimberly and Arden, Nigel},
month = apr,
year = {2011},
pmid = {21112869},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Child, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Great Britain, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult},
pages = {697--702}
}2010 (12)
ERPs and neural oscillations during volitional supporession of memory retrieval. Depue, B., E., Ketz, N., Mollison, M., V., Nyhus, E., Banich, M., T., & Curran, T. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 25(10):1-10, MIT Press55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142-1315USAjournals-info@mit.edu, 10, 2010.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Although investigations of memory and the dynamics of ERP components and neural oscillations as assessed through EEG have been well utilized, little research into the volitional nature of suppression over memory retrieval have used these methods. Oscillation analyses conducted on the Think/No-Think (TNT) task and volitional suppression of retrieval are of interest to broaden our knowledge of neural oscillations associated not only during successful memory retrieval but also when retrieval is unwanted or suppressed. In the current study, we measured EEG during a TNT task and performed ERP and EEG spectral power band analyses. ERP results replicated other researchers' observations of increases in 500-800 msec parietal effects for items where retrieval was instructed to be elaborated compared with being suppressed. Furthermore, EEG analyses indicated increased alpha (8-12 Hz) and theta (3-8 Hz) oscillations across parietal electrodes for items that were instructed to be suppressed versus those to be elaborated. Additionally, during the second half of the experiment (after repeated attempts at control), increases in theta oscillations were found across both frontal and parietal electrodes for items that were instructed to be suppressed and that were ultimately forgotten versus those ultimately remembered. Increased alpha power for items that were instructed to be suppressed versus elaborated may indicate reductions of retrieval attempts or lack of retrieval success. Increased theta power for items that were instructed to be suppressed versus elaborated may indicate increased or prolonged cognitive control to monitor retrieval events.
@article{
title = {ERPs and neural oscillations during volitional supporession of memory retrieval},
type = {article},
year = {2010},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescent,Analysis of Variance,Association Learning,Association Learning: physiology,Biological Clocks,Biological Clocks: physiology,Brain,Brain Mapping,Brain: blood supply,Brain: physiology,Electroencephalography,Emotions,Emotions: physiology,Evoked Potentials,Evoked Potentials: physiology,Female,Humans,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Mental Recall,Mental Recall: physiology,Oxygen,Oxygen: blood,Photic Stimulation,Reaction Time,Visual Perception,Young Adult},
pages = {1-10},
volume = {25},
websites = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn_a_00418#.Vgcwxo9Viko},
month = {10},
publisher = {MIT Press55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142-1315USAjournals-info@mit.edu},
day = {28},
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language = {en},
abstract = {Although investigations of memory and the dynamics of ERP components and neural oscillations as assessed through EEG have been well utilized, little research into the volitional nature of suppression over memory retrieval have used these methods. Oscillation analyses conducted on the Think/No-Think (TNT) task and volitional suppression of retrieval are of interest to broaden our knowledge of neural oscillations associated not only during successful memory retrieval but also when retrieval is unwanted or suppressed. In the current study, we measured EEG during a TNT task and performed ERP and EEG spectral power band analyses. ERP results replicated other researchers' observations of increases in 500-800 msec parietal effects for items where retrieval was instructed to be elaborated compared with being suppressed. Furthermore, EEG analyses indicated increased alpha (8-12 Hz) and theta (3-8 Hz) oscillations across parietal electrodes for items that were instructed to be suppressed versus those to be elaborated. Additionally, during the second half of the experiment (after repeated attempts at control), increases in theta oscillations were found across both frontal and parietal electrodes for items that were instructed to be suppressed and that were ultimately forgotten versus those ultimately remembered. Increased alpha power for items that were instructed to be suppressed versus elaborated may indicate reductions of retrieval attempts or lack of retrieval success. Increased theta power for items that were instructed to be suppressed versus elaborated may indicate increased or prolonged cognitive control to monitor retrieval events.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Depue, Brendan Eliot and Ketz, Nick and Mollison, Matthew V and Nyhus, Erika and Banich, Marie T and Curran, Tim},
journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
number = {10}
}Results of intravascular stent placement for fibrosing mediastinitis. Ferguson, M., Cabalka, A., Cetta, F, & Hagler, D. Congenit Heart Dis, 5(2):124–133, March, 2010.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex OBJECTIVE: Fibrosing mediastinitis is a rare disorder characterized by an excessive fibrotic reaction in the mediastinum which can result in compromise of mediastinal structures. We sought to evaluate short- and midterm results of intravascular thoracic vessel stent placement for patients with fibrosing mediastinitis. DESIGN: We reviewed all records of fibrosing mediastinitis patients who were referred for stent placement to treat mediastinal vascular compression over a 7-year period. Catheterization reports and digital angiography were assessed to determine vessel dimension and stent characteristics. PATIENTS: Thirteen catheterizations were performed in six patients (five females, mean age 39 years, range 23-63) with a range of 1-4 per patient. INTERVENTIONS: Four patients were treated with intravascular stents placed percutaneously. One patient underwent surgical intravascular stent placement, and one patient declined surgical therapy. The right pulmonary artery was treated in three patients, the superior vena cava was treated in one patient, and three pulmonary veins were treated in one patient. OUTCOME MEASURES: Pertinent vessel and hemodynamics including immediate short-, and mid-term results were assessed. Procedural complications, midterm follow-up (up to 7 years), and overall survival were determined. RESULTS: Each intervention resulted in hemodynamic improvement with subsequent clinical improvement. Reintervention was required within 12 months in two of four percutaneously treated patients. One death occurred 4 days after cutting balloon angioplasty in a preexisting pulmonary vein stent. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous therapy for vessel compression secondary to fibrosing mediastinitis is an option that is effective in improving short-term vascular patency. In-stent stenosis was a frequent complication in patients with fibrosing mediastinitis, particularly when pulmonary veins were involved. Short- and midterm success can be achieved, but progressive fibrosing mediastinitis remains a difficult clinical problem with repeat dilation of stents and/or additional stent placement necessary to maintain optimal stent patency and improvement in clinical symptomatology.
@article{ferguson_results_2010,
title = {Results of intravascular stent placement for fibrosing mediastinitis.},
volume = {5},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20412484},
doi = {10.1111/j.1747-0803.2010.00387.x},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Fibrosing mediastinitis is a rare disorder characterized by an excessive fibrotic reaction in the mediastinum which can result in compromise of mediastinal structures. We sought to evaluate short- and midterm results of intravascular thoracic vessel stent placement for patients with fibrosing mediastinitis. DESIGN: We reviewed all records of fibrosing mediastinitis patients who were referred for stent placement to treat mediastinal vascular compression over a 7-year period. Catheterization reports and digital angiography were assessed to determine vessel dimension and stent characteristics. PATIENTS: Thirteen catheterizations were performed in six patients (five females, mean age 39 years, range 23-63) with a range of 1-4 per patient. INTERVENTIONS: Four patients were treated with intravascular stents placed percutaneously. One patient underwent surgical intravascular stent placement, and one patient declined surgical therapy. The right pulmonary artery was treated in three patients, the superior vena cava was treated in one patient, and three pulmonary veins were treated in one patient. OUTCOME MEASURES: Pertinent vessel and hemodynamics including immediate short-, and mid-term results were assessed. Procedural complications, midterm follow-up (up to 7 years), and overall survival were determined. RESULTS: Each intervention resulted in hemodynamic improvement with subsequent clinical improvement. Reintervention was required within 12 months in two of four percutaneously treated patients. One death occurred 4 days after cutting balloon angioplasty in a preexisting pulmonary vein stent. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous therapy for vessel compression secondary to fibrosing mediastinitis is an option that is effective in improving short-term vascular patency. In-stent stenosis was a frequent complication in patients with fibrosing mediastinitis, particularly when pulmonary veins were involved. Short- and midterm success can be achieved, but progressive fibrosing mediastinitis remains a difficult clinical problem with repeat dilation of stents and/or additional stent placement necessary to maintain optimal stent patency and improvement in clinical symptomatology.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {Congenit Heart Dis},
author = {Ferguson, ME and Cabalka, AK and Cetta, F and Hagler, DJ},
month = mar,
year = {2010},
keywords = {Young Adult},
pages = {124--133}
}Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care: prospective observational study in UK General Practice Research Database. Cornish, R., Macleod, J., Strang, J., Vickerman, P., & Hickman, M. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 341:c5475, 2010.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of opiate substitution treatment at the beginning and end of treatment and according to duration of treatment. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Setting UK General Practice Research Database. PARTICIPANTS: Primary care patients with a diagnosis of substance misuse prescribed methadone or buprenorphine during 1990-2005. 5577 patients with 267 003 prescriptions for opiate substitution treatment followed-up (17 732 years) until one year after the expiry of their last prescription, the date of death before this time had elapsed, or the date of transfer away from the practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality rates and rate ratios comparing periods in and out of treatment adjusted for sex, age, calendar year, and comorbidity; standardised mortality ratios comparing opiate users' mortality with general population mortality rates. RESULTS: Crude mortality rates were 0.7 per 100 person years on opiate substitution treatment and 1.3 per 100 person years off treatment; standardised mortality ratios were 5.3 (95% confidence interval 4.0 to 6.8) on treatment and 10.9 (9.0 to 13.1) off treatment. Men using opiates had approximately twice the risk of death of women (morality rate ratio 2.0, 1.4 to 2.9). In the first two weeks of opiate substitution treatment the crude mortality rate was 1.7 per 100 person years: 3.1 (1.5 to 6.6) times higher (after adjustment for sex, age group, calendar period, and comorbidity) than the rate during the rest of time on treatment. The crude mortality rate was 4.8 per 100 person years in weeks 1-2 after treatment stopped, 4.3 in weeks 3-4, and 0.95 during the rest of time off treatment: 9 (5.4 to 14.9), 8 (4.7 to 13.7), and 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) times higher than the baseline risk of mortality during treatment. Opiate substitution treatment has a greater than 85% chance of reducing overall mortality among opiate users if the average duration approaches or exceeds 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians and patients should be aware of the increased mortality risk at the start of opiate substitution treatment and immediately after stopping treatment. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of average duration of opiate substitution treatment on drug related mortality.
@article{cornish_risk_2010,
title = {Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care: prospective observational study in {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
volume = {341},
issn = {1756-1833},
shorttitle = {Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of opiate substitution treatment at the beginning and end of treatment and according to duration of treatment.
DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Setting UK General Practice Research Database.
PARTICIPANTS: Primary care patients with a diagnosis of substance misuse prescribed methadone or buprenorphine during 1990-2005. 5577 patients with 267 003 prescriptions for opiate substitution treatment followed-up (17 732 years) until one year after the expiry of their last prescription, the date of death before this time had elapsed, or the date of transfer away from the practice.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality rates and rate ratios comparing periods in and out of treatment adjusted for sex, age, calendar year, and comorbidity; standardised mortality ratios comparing opiate users' mortality with general population mortality rates.
RESULTS: Crude mortality rates were 0.7 per 100 person years on opiate substitution treatment and 1.3 per 100 person years off treatment; standardised mortality ratios were 5.3 (95\% confidence interval 4.0 to 6.8) on treatment and 10.9 (9.0 to 13.1) off treatment. Men using opiates had approximately twice the risk of death of women (morality rate ratio 2.0, 1.4 to 2.9). In the first two weeks of opiate substitution treatment the crude mortality rate was 1.7 per 100 person years: 3.1 (1.5 to 6.6) times higher (after adjustment for sex, age group, calendar period, and comorbidity) than the rate during the rest of time on treatment. The crude mortality rate was 4.8 per 100 person years in weeks 1-2 after treatment stopped, 4.3 in weeks 3-4, and 0.95 during the rest of time off treatment: 9 (5.4 to 14.9), 8 (4.7 to 13.7), and 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) times higher than the baseline risk of mortality during treatment. Opiate substitution treatment has a greater than 85\% chance of reducing overall mortality among opiate users if the average duration approaches or exceeds 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians and patients should be aware of the increased mortality risk at the start of opiate substitution treatment and immediately after stopping treatment. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of average duration of opiate substitution treatment on drug related mortality.},
language = {eng},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
author = {Cornish, Rosie and Macleod, John and Strang, John and Vickerman, Peter and Hickman, Matt},
year = {2010},
pmid = {20978062},
pmcid = {PMC2965139},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Buprenorphine, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Methadone, Middle Aged, Narcotics, Opioid-Related Disorders, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Young Adult},
pages = {c5475}
}Analysis of eight genes modulating interferon gamma and human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis: a case-control association study. Möller, M., Nebel, A., van Helden, P. D., Schreiber, S., & Hoal, E. G. BMC infectious diseases, 10:154, 2010. 00022
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Interferon gamma is a major macrophage-activating cytokine during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative pathogen of tuberculosis, and its role has been well established in animal models and in humans. This cytokine is produced by activated T helper 1 cells, which can best deal with intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis. Based on the hypothesis that genes which regulate interferon gamma may influence tuberculosis susceptibility, we investigated polymorphisms in eight candidate genes. METHODS: Fifty-four polymorphisms in eight candidate genes were genotyped in over 800 tuberculosis cases and healthy controls in a population-based case-control association study in a South African population. Genotyping methods used included the SNPlex Genotyping System, capillary electrophoresis of fluorescently labelled PCR products, TaqMan SNP genotyping assays or the amplification mutation refraction system. Single polymorphisms as well as haplotypes of the variants were tested for association with TB using statistical analyses. RESULTS: A haplotype in interleukin 12B was nominally associated with tuberculosis (p = 0.02), but after permutation testing, done to assess the significance for the entire analysis, this was not globally significant. In addition a novel allele was found for the interleukin 12B D5S2941 microsatellite. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of using larger sample sizes when attempting validation of previously reported genetic associations. Initial studies may be false positives or may propose a stronger genetic effect than subsequently found to be the case.
@article{moller_analysis_2010,
title = {Analysis of eight genes modulating interferon gamma and human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis: a case-control association study},
volume = {10},
issn = {1471-2334},
shorttitle = {Analysis of eight genes modulating interferon gamma and human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2334-10-154},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Interferon gamma is a major macrophage-activating cytokine during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative pathogen of tuberculosis, and its role has been well established in animal models and in humans. This cytokine is produced by activated T helper 1 cells, which can best deal with intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis. Based on the hypothesis that genes which regulate interferon gamma may influence tuberculosis susceptibility, we investigated polymorphisms in eight candidate genes.
METHODS: Fifty-four polymorphisms in eight candidate genes were genotyped in over 800 tuberculosis cases and healthy controls in a population-based case-control association study in a South African population. Genotyping methods used included the SNPlex Genotyping System, capillary electrophoresis of fluorescently labelled PCR products, TaqMan SNP genotyping assays or the amplification mutation refraction system. Single polymorphisms as well as haplotypes of the variants were tested for association with TB using statistical analyses.
RESULTS: A haplotype in interleukin 12B was nominally associated with tuberculosis (p = 0.02), but after permutation testing, done to assess the significance for the entire analysis, this was not globally significant. In addition a novel allele was found for the interleukin 12B D5S2941 microsatellite.
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of using larger sample sizes when attempting validation of previously reported genetic associations. Initial studies may be false positives or may propose a stronger genetic effect than subsequently found to be the case.},
language = {eng},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
author = {Möller, Marlo and Nebel, Almut and van Helden, Paul D. and Schreiber, Stefan and Hoal, Eileen G.},
year = {2010},
pmid = {20525402},
pmcid = {PMC2891757},
note = {00022 },
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Polymorphism, Genetic, South Africa, Tuberculosis, Young Adult},
pages = {154},
}Noninvasive measurement of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygenation using near-infrared and diffuse correlation spectroscopies in critically brain-injured adults. Kim, M., Durduran, T, Frangos, S, Edlow, B., Buckley, E., Moss, H., Zhou, C, Yu, G, Choe, R, Maloney-Wilensky, E, Wolf, R., Grady, M., Greenberg, J., Levine, J., Yodh, A., Detre, J., & Kofke, W. Neurocrit Care, 12(2):173–180, April, 2010.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: This study assesses the utility of a hybrid optical instrument for noninvasive transcranial monitoring in the neurointensive care unit. The instrument is based on diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) for measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for measurement of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration. DCS/NIRS measurements of CBF and oxygenation from frontal lobes are compared with concurrent xenon-enhanced computed tomography (XeCT) in patients during induced blood pressure changes and carbon dioxide arterial partial pressure variation. METHODS: Seven neurocritical care patients were included in the study. Relative CBF measured by DCS (rCBF(DCS)), and changes in oxy-hemoglobin (DeltaHbO(2)), deoxy-hemoglobin (DeltaHb), and total hemoglobin concentration (DeltaTHC), measured by NIRS, were continuously monitored throughout XeCT during a baseline scan and a scan after intervention. CBF from XeCT regions-of-interest (ROIs) under the optical probes were used to calculate relative XeCT CBF (rCBF(XeCT)) and were then compared to rCBF(DCS). Spearman's rank coefficients were employed to test for associations between rCBF(DCS) and rCBF(XeCT), as well as between rCBF from both modalities and NIRS parameters. RESULTS: rCBF(DCS) and rCBF(XeCT) showed good correlation (r (s) = 0.73, P = 0.010) across the patient cohort. Moderate correlations between rCBF(DCS) and DeltaHbO(2)/DeltaTHC were also observed. Both NIRS and DCS distinguished the effects of xenon inhalation on CBF, which varied among the patients. CONCLUSIONS: DCS measurements of CBF and NIRS measurements of tissue blood oxygenation were successfully obtained in neurocritical care patients. The potential for DCS to provide continuous, noninvasive bedside monitoring for the purpose of CBF management and individualized care is demonstrated.
@article{kim_noninvasive_2010,
title = {Noninvasive measurement of cerebral blood flow and blood oxygenation using near-infrared and diffuse correlation spectroscopies in critically brain-injured adults.},
volume = {12},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19908166},
doi = {10.1007/s12028-009-9305-x},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study assesses the utility of a hybrid optical instrument for noninvasive transcranial monitoring in the neurointensive care unit. The instrument is based on diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) for measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for measurement of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration. DCS/NIRS measurements of CBF and oxygenation from frontal lobes are compared with concurrent xenon-enhanced computed tomography (XeCT) in patients during induced blood pressure changes and carbon dioxide arterial partial pressure variation. METHODS: Seven neurocritical care patients were included in the study. Relative CBF measured by DCS (rCBF(DCS)), and changes in oxy-hemoglobin (DeltaHbO(2)), deoxy-hemoglobin (DeltaHb), and total hemoglobin concentration (DeltaTHC), measured by NIRS, were continuously monitored throughout XeCT during a baseline scan and a scan after intervention. CBF from XeCT regions-of-interest (ROIs) under the optical probes were used to calculate relative XeCT CBF (rCBF(XeCT)) and were then compared to rCBF(DCS). Spearman's rank coefficients were employed to test for associations between rCBF(DCS) and rCBF(XeCT), as well as between rCBF from both modalities and NIRS parameters. RESULTS: rCBF(DCS) and rCBF(XeCT) showed good correlation (r (s) = 0.73, P = 0.010) across the patient cohort. Moderate correlations between rCBF(DCS) and DeltaHbO(2)/DeltaTHC were also observed. Both NIRS and DCS distinguished the effects of xenon inhalation on CBF, which varied among the patients. CONCLUSIONS: DCS measurements of CBF and NIRS measurements of tissue blood oxygenation were successfully obtained in neurocritical care patients. The potential for DCS to provide continuous, noninvasive bedside monitoring for the purpose of CBF management and individualized care is demonstrated.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {Neurocrit Care},
author = {Kim, MN and Durduran, T and Frangos, S and Edlow, BL and Buckley, EM and Moss, HE and Zhou, C and Yu, G and Choe, R and Maloney-Wilensky, E and Wolf, RL and Grady, MS and Greenberg, JH and Levine, JM and Yodh, AG and Detre, JA and Kofke, WA},
month = apr,
year = {2010},
keywords = {Young Adult},
pages = {173--180}
}Muslim women and medical students in the clinical encounter. McLean, M., Ahbabi, S. A., Ameri, M. A., Mansoori, M. A., Yahyaei, F. A., & Bernsen, R. Medical education, 44(3):306--315, March, 2010.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
CONTEXT: Increasingly, male medical students report being refused by female patients, particularly in obstetrics and gynaecology, which is impacting on recruitment into the discipline. However, little has been documented in terms of Muslim patients and medical students in the clinical consultation. METHODS: Female Emirati nationals (n = 218) attending out-patient clinics at a public hospital in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE), were interviewed by medical students. Participants were provided with four hypothetical clinical scenarios (three personal, one concerning a pre-pubertal child) and asked whether they would allow male and female students to be present at a consultation, take a history or perform an examination. They were also canvassed about their past experiences with medical students and their social responsibility to contribute towards the training of Emirati doctors. RESULTS: Significant differences were recorded in terms of female versus male student involvement for all activities (P \textless 0.05-0.0005). For gynaecological and abdominal problems, patients would generally refuse male students. More than 50% of interviewees would not allow a male student to examine their face. Students of either gender could, however, examine their 8-year-old child. Although 47% of the women had had previous clinical encounters with students, in only 58% of consultations had the attending doctor asked their permission. Despite this, the women had generally felt comfortable, although satisfaction decreased with increasing age (P = 0.088). Almost 90% of the women believed that Emiratis had a social responsibility to contribute towards the training of Emirati doctors, but this decreased with increasing income (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: As many medical students will encounter Muslim patients during their training, they need to be sensitive to religious and cultural issues, particularly for personal examinations. In contexts where most patients are Muslim, alternative options (e.g. manikins, international rotations) may be required for male students. In the UAE, patient education may improve history-taking opportunities but will probably not transcend religious and cultural beliefs without intervention from religious leaders.
@article{ mclean_muslim_2010,
title = {Muslim women and medical students in the clinical encounter},
volume = {44},
issn = {1365-2923},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03599.x},
abstract = {{CONTEXT}: Increasingly, male medical students report being refused by female patients, particularly in obstetrics and gynaecology, which is impacting on recruitment into the discipline. However, little has been documented in terms of Muslim patients and medical students in the clinical consultation.
{METHODS}: Female Emirati nationals (n = 218) attending out-patient clinics at a public hospital in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates ({UAE}), were interviewed by medical students. Participants were provided with four hypothetical clinical scenarios (three personal, one concerning a pre-pubertal child) and asked whether they would allow male and female students to be present at a consultation, take a history or perform an examination. They were also canvassed about their past experiences with medical students and their social responsibility to contribute towards the training of Emirati doctors.
{RESULTS}: Significant differences were recorded in terms of female versus male student involvement for all activities (P {\textless} 0.05-0.0005). For gynaecological and abdominal problems, patients would generally refuse male students. More than 50% of interviewees would not allow a male student to examine their face. Students of either gender could, however, examine their 8-year-old child. Although 47% of the women had had previous clinical encounters with students, in only 58% of consultations had the attending doctor asked their permission. Despite this, the women had generally felt comfortable, although satisfaction decreased with increasing age (P = 0.088). Almost 90% of the women believed that Emiratis had a social responsibility to contribute towards the training of Emirati doctors, but this decreased with increasing income (P = 0.004).
{CONCLUSIONS}: As many medical students will encounter Muslim patients during their training, they need to be sensitive to religious and cultural issues, particularly for personal examinations. In contexts where most patients are Muslim, alternative options (e.g. manikins, international rotations) may be required for male students. In the {UAE}, patient education may improve history-taking opportunities but will probably not transcend religious and cultural beliefs without intervention from religious leaders.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Medical education},
author = {McLean, Michelle and Al Ahbabi, Salma and Al Ameri, Mouza and Al Mansoori, Muneera and Al Yahyaei, Fatima and Bernsen, Roos},
month = {March},
year = {2010},
pmid = {20444062},
keywords = {Abdomen, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Choice Behavior, Education, Medical, Face, Female, Gynecology, Humans, Islam, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatient Clinics, Hospital, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patient Satisfaction, Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Social Responsibility, Students, Medical, United Arab Emirates, Young Adult},
pages = {306--315}
}An fMRI study of parietal cortex involvement in the visual guidance of locomotion. Billington, J., Field, D., T., Wilkie, R., M., & Wann, J., P. Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance, 36(6):1495-507, American Psychological Association, 12, 2010.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Locomoting through the environment typically involves anticipating impending changes in heading trajectory in addition to maintaining the current direction of travel. We explored the neural systems involved in the "far road" and "near road" mechanisms proposed by Land and Horwood (1995) using simulated forward or backward travel where participants were required to gauge their current direction of travel (rather than directly control it). During forward egomotion, the distant road edges provided future path information, which participants used to improve their heading judgments. During backward egomotion, the road edges did not enhance performance because they no longer provided prospective information. This behavioral dissociation was reflected at the neural level, where only simulated forward travel increased activation in a region of the superior parietal lobe and the medial intraparietal sulcus. Providing only near road information during a forward heading judgment task resulted in activation in the motion complex. We propose a complementary role for the posterior parietal cortex and motion complex in detecting future path information and maintaining current lane positioning, respectively.
@article{
title = {An fMRI study of parietal cortex involvement in the visual guidance of locomotion.},
type = {article},
year = {2010},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adult,Brain Mapping,Cues,Distance Perception,Distance Perception: physiology,Dominance, Cerebral,Dominance, Cerebral: physiology,Female,Fixation, Ocular,Fixation, Ocular: physiology,Humans,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted,Kinesthesis,Kinesthesis: physiology,Locomotion,Locomotion: physiology,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: physiology,Optic Flow,Optic Flow: physiology,Orientation,Orientation: physiology,Oxygen Consumption,Oxygen Consumption: physiology,Parietal Lobe,Parietal Lobe: physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Visual Perception,Visual Perception: physiology,Young Adult},
pages = {1495-507},
volume = {36},
websites = {http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/xhp/36/6/1495.html},
month = {12},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
day = {1},
id = {d6e8443d-ed66-3783-81b3-3c281afdea75},
created = {2016-01-20T16:02:53.000Z},
accessed = {2015-12-10},
file_attached = {false},
profile_id = {d5b53108-91c5-30b8-8e6c-dd027f636bcd},
last_modified = {2016-01-21T12:29:57.000Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {true},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
language = {English},
abstract = {Locomoting through the environment typically involves anticipating impending changes in heading trajectory in addition to maintaining the current direction of travel. We explored the neural systems involved in the "far road" and "near road" mechanisms proposed by Land and Horwood (1995) using simulated forward or backward travel where participants were required to gauge their current direction of travel (rather than directly control it). During forward egomotion, the distant road edges provided future path information, which participants used to improve their heading judgments. During backward egomotion, the road edges did not enhance performance because they no longer provided prospective information. This behavioral dissociation was reflected at the neural level, where only simulated forward travel increased activation in a region of the superior parietal lobe and the medial intraparietal sulcus. Providing only near road information during a forward heading judgment task resulted in activation in the motion complex. We propose a complementary role for the posterior parietal cortex and motion complex in detecting future path information and maintaining current lane positioning, respectively.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Billington, Jac and Field, David T and Wilkie, Richard M and Wann, John P},
journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance},
number = {6}
}Adolescent endometriosis in the Waikato region of New Zealand--a comparative cohort study with a mean follow-up time of 2.6 years. Roman, J. D. The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 50(2):179--183, April, 2010.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with laparoscopic excision of endometriosis on an adolescent population and to compare it with a non-adolescent population treated during the same period. DESIGN: Comparative cohort study of patients with endometriosis treated consecutively between July 2003 and January 2009 with a follow-up between six months and six years. SETTING: Braemar Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand. RESULTS: We treated 20 adolescents. Ninety-five per cent (19/20) of adolescents were using pain relief other than Paracetamol, in contrast to only 59% (84/143) of non-adolescents. Thirty per cent (6/20) of adolescents had a first-degree relative with endometriosis, in contrast to 8% (11/143) of non-adolescents. Endometriosis was found to be stage I in 40% (8/20) of patients, stage II in 45% (9/20) of patients, stage III in 5% (1/20) of patients and stage IV in 10% (2/20) of patients. The main type of endometriotic lesion in the adolescent was an atypical red vascular lesion, which was present in 60% (12/20) of adolescents; but it was present in only 20% (29/143) of non-adolescents. There were no intra-operative complications. Minor postoperative complications included one case of urinary tract infection and one case of port infection. The operative complications that developed when treating the non-adolescent group are presented for comparison. Pain scores recorded at follow-up revealed a significant reduction in dysmenorrhoea and pelvic pain and there was a positive effect on the quality of life of adolescents as measured by the EQ-5D questionnaire tool. CONCLUSION: Adolescents with endometriosis use significantly more pain relief than non-adolescents to control symptoms. They have a higher rate of a first degree relative with the disease and they present with more atypical endometriotic lesions when compared with an adult population with endometriosis. All the stages of disease are present in the adolescent, including stages III and IV. The laparoscopic excision of endometriosis has a positive effect on the relief of pain symptoms and on the improvement in quality of life in the adolescent.
@article{roman_adolescent_2010,
title = {Adolescent endometriosis in the {Waikato} region of {New} {Zealand}--a comparative cohort study with a mean follow-up time of 2.6 years},
volume = {50},
issn = {1479-828X},
doi = {10.1111/j.1479-828X.2010.01141.x},
abstract = {STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with laparoscopic excision of endometriosis on an adolescent population and to compare it with a non-adolescent population treated during the same period.
DESIGN: Comparative cohort study of patients with endometriosis treated consecutively between July 2003 and January 2009 with a follow-up between six months and six years.
SETTING: Braemar Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.
RESULTS: We treated 20 adolescents. Ninety-five per cent (19/20) of adolescents were using pain relief other than Paracetamol, in contrast to only 59\% (84/143) of non-adolescents. Thirty per cent (6/20) of adolescents had a first-degree relative with endometriosis, in contrast to 8\% (11/143) of non-adolescents. Endometriosis was found to be stage I in 40\% (8/20) of patients, stage II in 45\% (9/20) of patients, stage III in 5\% (1/20) of patients and stage IV in 10\% (2/20) of patients. The main type of endometriotic lesion in the adolescent was an atypical red vascular lesion, which was present in 60\% (12/20) of adolescents; but it was present in only 20\% (29/143) of non-adolescents. There were no intra-operative complications. Minor postoperative complications included one case of urinary tract infection and one case of port infection. The operative complications that developed when treating the non-adolescent group are presented for comparison. Pain scores recorded at follow-up revealed a significant reduction in dysmenorrhoea and pelvic pain and there was a positive effect on the quality of life of adolescents as measured by the EQ-5D questionnaire tool.
CONCLUSION: Adolescents with endometriosis use significantly more pain relief than non-adolescents to control symptoms. They have a higher rate of a first degree relative with the disease and they present with more atypical endometriotic lesions when compared with an adult population with endometriosis. All the stages of disease are present in the adolescent, including stages III and IV. The laparoscopic excision of endometriosis has a positive effect on the relief of pain symptoms and on the improvement in quality of life in the adolescent.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {The Australian \& New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics \& Gynaecology},
author = {Roman, Jose D.},
month = apr,
year = {2010},
pmid = {20522077},
keywords = {Adolescent, Analgesics, Cohort Studies, Dysmenorrhea, Electrosurgery, Endometriosis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Laparoscopy, New Zealand, Pelvic Pain, Postoperative Complications, Quality of Life, Treatment Outcome, Urinary Tract Infections, Young Adult},
pages = {179--183}
}Current controversies in the cardiovascular screening of athletes. Drezner, J, Berger, S, & Campbell, R Curr Sports Med Rep, 9(2):86–92, March, 2010.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex The sudden death of a young athlete on the playing field remains the most devastating medical event in sports, with compelling reasons to implement effective preventive strategies. Preparticipation screening is widely practiced, but universal agreement regarding the most appropriate method for cardiovascular screening is lacking. The addition of a resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to a comprehensive personal and family history and physical examination will increase detection of those athletes with potentially lethal cardiovascular disorders at risk for sudden cardiac death. However, complex issues regarding feasibility, false positive results, cost-effectiveness, and physician and health system infrastructure still remain regarding large-scale implementation of ECG screening in the United States. When used, ECG interpretations based on modern criteria to distinguish abnormal findings from physiologic alterations in athletes must be applied to ensure acceptable accuracy.
@article{drezner_current_2010,
title = {Current controversies in the cardiovascular screening of athletes.},
volume = {9},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20220349},
doi = {10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181d573d6},
abstract = {The sudden death of a young athlete on the playing field remains the most devastating medical event in sports, with compelling reasons to implement effective preventive strategies. Preparticipation screening is widely practiced, but universal agreement regarding the most appropriate method for cardiovascular screening is lacking. The addition of a resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to a comprehensive personal and family history and physical examination will increase detection of those athletes with potentially lethal cardiovascular disorders at risk for sudden cardiac death. However, complex issues regarding feasibility, false positive results, cost-effectiveness, and physician and health system infrastructure still remain regarding large-scale implementation of ECG screening in the United States. When used, ECG interpretations based on modern criteria to distinguish abnormal findings from physiologic alterations in athletes must be applied to ensure acceptable accuracy.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {Curr Sports Med Rep},
author = {Drezner, J and Berger, S and Campbell, R},
month = mar,
year = {2010},
keywords = {Young Adult},
pages = {86--92}
}Management of first-episode pelvic inflammatory disease in primary care: results from a large UK primary care database. Nicholson, A., Rait, G., Murray-Thomas, T., Hughes, G., Mercer, C. H., & Cassell, J. The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 60(579):e395--406, October, 2010.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Prompt and effective treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may help prevent long-term complications. Many PID cases are seen in primary care but it is not known how well management follows recommended guidelines. AIM: To estimate the incidence of first-episode PID cases seen in UK general practice, describe their management, and assess its adequacy in relation to existing guidelines. DESIGN OF STUDY: Cohort study. SETTING: UK general practices contributing to the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). METHOD: Women aged 15 to 40 years, consulting with a first episode of PID occurring between 30 June 2003 and 30 June 2008 were identified, based on the presence of a diagnostic code. The records within 28 days either side of the diagnosis date were analysed to describe management. RESULTS: A total of 3797 women with a first-ever coded diagnosis of PID were identified. Incidence fell during the study period from 19.3 to 8.9/10 000 person-years. Thirty-four per cent of cases had evidence of care elsewhere, while 2064 (56%) appeared to have been managed wholly within the practice. Of these 2064 women, 34% received recommended treatment including metronidazole, and 54% had had a Chlamydia trachomatis test, but only 16% received both. Management was more likely to follow guidelines in women in their 20s, and later in the study period. CONCLUSION: These analyses suggest that the management of PID in UK primary care, although improving, does not follow recommended guidelines for the majority of women. Further research is needed to understand the delivery of care in general practice and the coding of such complex syndromic conditions.
@article{nicholson_management_2010,
title = {Management of first-episode pelvic inflammatory disease in primary care: results from a large {UK} primary care database},
volume = {60},
issn = {1478-5242},
shorttitle = {Management of first-episode pelvic inflammatory disease in primary care},
doi = {10.3399/bjgp10X532404},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Prompt and effective treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may help prevent long-term complications. Many PID cases are seen in primary care but it is not known how well management follows recommended guidelines.
AIM: To estimate the incidence of first-episode PID cases seen in UK general practice, describe their management, and assess its adequacy in relation to existing guidelines.
DESIGN OF STUDY: Cohort study.
SETTING: UK general practices contributing to the General Practice Research Database (GPRD).
METHOD: Women aged 15 to 40 years, consulting with a first episode of PID occurring between 30 June 2003 and 30 June 2008 were identified, based on the presence of a diagnostic code. The records within 28 days either side of the diagnosis date were analysed to describe management.
RESULTS: A total of 3797 women with a first-ever coded diagnosis of PID were identified. Incidence fell during the study period from 19.3 to 8.9/10 000 person-years. Thirty-four per cent of cases had evidence of care elsewhere, while 2064 (56\%) appeared to have been managed wholly within the practice. Of these 2064 women, 34\% received recommended treatment including metronidazole, and 54\% had had a Chlamydia trachomatis test, but only 16\% received both. Management was more likely to follow guidelines in women in their 20s, and later in the study period.
CONCLUSION: These analyses suggest that the management of PID in UK primary care, although improving, does not follow recommended guidelines for the majority of women. Further research is needed to understand the delivery of care in general practice and the coding of such complex syndromic conditions.},
language = {eng},
number = {579},
journal = {The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners},
author = {Nicholson, Amanda and Rait, Greta and Murray-Thomas, Tarita and Hughes, Gwenda and Mercer, Catherine H. and Cassell, Jackie},
month = oct,
year = {2010},
pmid = {20883614},
pmcid = {PMC2944949},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Infective Agents, Chlamydia Infections, Chlamydia trachomatis, Databases, Factual, Electronic Health Records, Epidemiologic Methods, Family Practice, Female, Great Britain, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Metronidazole, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult},
pages = {e395--406}
}Healthcare expenditure in severely depressed patients treated with escitalopram, generic SSRIs or venlafaxine in the UK. Wade, A. G., Saragoussi, D., Despiégel, N., François, C., Guelfucci, F., & Toumi, M. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 26(5):1161--1170, May, 2010.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively compare the 12-month healthcare utilisation and direct medical costs associated with the use of escitalopram, generic SSRIs, and venlafaxine in patients with severe depression in the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS: Data for this retrospective cohort study were extracted from the GPRD, a large primary care database in the UK. Data from adults with an incident prescription of escitalopram, venlafaxine, or generic SSRI were extracted. The initial prescription had to fall within 3 months of a physician visit when severe depression according to the GPRD definition was mentioned. Frequency of antidepressant treatment, GP consultations, referrals, hospitalisations, and concomitant psychiatric medication was assessed on the 12-months after initial prescription and 2006 unit costs for healthcare services obtained from published literature were applied, and then compared between treatment cohorts using a propensity score-adjusted generalised linear model. RESULTS: The total annual healthcare expenditure per patient was similar with escitalopram and generic SSRIs (916 pounds vs. 974 pounds, adjusted p = 0.48) and significantly lower than venlafaxine (916 pounds vs. 1367 pounds, adjusted p \textless 0.0001), a pattern repeated when antidepressant costs were excluded from the analysis (escitalopram vs. SSRIs, 831 pounds vs. 957 pounds, adjusted p = 0.10; escitalopram vs. venlafaxine, 831 pounds vs. 1156 pounds, adjusted p = 0.006). Over the 12-month analysis period, there were significantly fewer hospitalisations per patient in the escitalopram vs. venlafaxine (0.12 vs. 0.27; adjusted p = 0.01) or generic SSRI (0.12 vs. 0.19; adjusted p = 0.046) groups. CONCLUSION: Despite some limitations associated with the system of data collection in the GPRD (need to apply proxies for severity assessment and external unit costs to resource consumption), the results of this real-life study brings additional evidence of escitalopram appearing to be a cost-effective treatment for patients suffering from severe depression as diagnosed in routine practice and could be considered for first-line treatment in these patients.
@article{wade_healthcare_2010,
title = {Healthcare expenditure in severely depressed patients treated with escitalopram, generic {SSRIs} or venlafaxine in the {UK}},
volume = {26},
issn = {1473-4877},
doi = {10.1185/03007991003738519},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively compare the 12-month healthcare utilisation and direct medical costs associated with the use of escitalopram, generic SSRIs, and venlafaxine in patients with severe depression in the United Kingdom (UK).
METHODS: Data for this retrospective cohort study were extracted from the GPRD, a large primary care database in the UK. Data from adults with an incident prescription of escitalopram, venlafaxine, or generic SSRI were extracted. The initial prescription had to fall within 3 months of a physician visit when severe depression according to the GPRD definition was mentioned. Frequency of antidepressant treatment, GP consultations, referrals, hospitalisations, and concomitant psychiatric medication was assessed on the 12-months after initial prescription and 2006 unit costs for healthcare services obtained from published literature were applied, and then compared between treatment cohorts using a propensity score-adjusted generalised linear model.
RESULTS: The total annual healthcare expenditure per patient was similar with escitalopram and generic SSRIs (916 pounds vs. 974 pounds, adjusted p = 0.48) and significantly lower than venlafaxine (916 pounds vs. 1367 pounds, adjusted p {\textless} 0.0001), a pattern repeated when antidepressant costs were excluded from the analysis (escitalopram vs. SSRIs, 831 pounds vs. 957 pounds, adjusted p = 0.10; escitalopram vs. venlafaxine, 831 pounds vs. 1156 pounds, adjusted p = 0.006). Over the 12-month analysis period, there were significantly fewer hospitalisations per patient in the escitalopram vs. venlafaxine (0.12 vs. 0.27; adjusted p = 0.01) or generic SSRI (0.12 vs. 0.19; adjusted p = 0.046) groups.
CONCLUSION: Despite some limitations associated with the system of data collection in the GPRD (need to apply proxies for severity assessment and external unit costs to resource consumption), the results of this real-life study brings additional evidence of escitalopram appearing to be a cost-effective treatment for patients suffering from severe depression as diagnosed in routine practice and could be considered for first-line treatment in these patients.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {Current Medical Research and Opinion},
author = {Wade, Alan G. and Saragoussi, Delphine and Despiégel, Nicolas and François, Clément and Guelfucci, Florent and Toumi, Mondher},
month = may,
year = {2010},
pmid = {20297951},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Citalopram, Cyclohexanols, Drugs, Generic, Female, Great Britain, Health Care Costs, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, depression},
pages = {1161--1170}
}Management of epididymo-orchitis in primary care: results from a large UK primary care database. Nicholson, A., Rait, G., Murray-Thomas, T., Hughes, G., Mercer, C. H., & Cassell, J. The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 60(579):e407--422, October, 2010.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Epididymo-orchitis is a common urological presentation in men but recent incidence data are lacking. Guidelines for management recommend detailed investigation and treatment for sexually transmitted pathogens, such as Chlamydia trachomatis. Data from secondary care indicate that these guidelines are poorly followed. It is not known how epididymo-orchitis is managed in UK general practice. AIM: To estimate the incidence of cases of epididymo-orchitis seen in UK general practice, and to describe their management. DESIGN OF STUDY: Cohort study. SETTING: UK general practices contributing to the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). METHOD: Men, aged 15-60 years, consulting with a first episode of epididymo-orchitis between 30 June 2003 and 30 June 2008 were identified. All records within 28 days either side of the diagnosis date were analysed to describe the management of these cases (including location) and to compare this management with guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 12 615 patients with a first episode of epididymo-orchitis were identified. The incidence was highest in 2004-2005 (25/10 000) and declined in the later years of the study. Fifty-seven per cent (6943) of patients were managed entirely within general practice. Of these, over 92% received an antibiotic, with ciprofloxacin being the most common one prescribed. Only 18% received a prescription for doxycycline. Most men, including those under 35 years, had no investigation recorded and fewer than 3% had a test for chlamydia. CONCLUSION: These results indicate low rates of specific testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections in males who attend general practice with symptoms of epididymo-orchitis. There is a need for further research to understand the pattern of care delivered in general practice.
@article{nicholson_management_2010-1,
title = {Management of epididymo-orchitis in primary care: results from a large {UK} primary care database},
volume = {60},
issn = {1478-5242},
shorttitle = {Management of epididymo-orchitis in primary care},
doi = {10.3399/bjgp10X532413},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Epididymo-orchitis is a common urological presentation in men but recent incidence data are lacking. Guidelines for management recommend detailed investigation and treatment for sexually transmitted pathogens, such as Chlamydia trachomatis. Data from secondary care indicate that these guidelines are poorly followed. It is not known how epididymo-orchitis is managed in UK general practice.
AIM: To estimate the incidence of cases of epididymo-orchitis seen in UK general practice, and to describe their management.
DESIGN OF STUDY: Cohort study.
SETTING: UK general practices contributing to the General Practice Research Database (GPRD).
METHOD: Men, aged 15-60 years, consulting with a first episode of epididymo-orchitis between 30 June 2003 and 30 June 2008 were identified. All records within 28 days either side of the diagnosis date were analysed to describe the management of these cases (including location) and to compare this management with guidelines.
RESULTS: A total of 12 615 patients with a first episode of epididymo-orchitis were identified. The incidence was highest in 2004-2005 (25/10 000) and declined in the later years of the study. Fifty-seven per cent (6943) of patients were managed entirely within general practice. Of these, over 92\% received an antibiotic, with ciprofloxacin being the most common one prescribed. Only 18\% received a prescription for doxycycline. Most men, including those under 35 years, had no investigation recorded and fewer than 3\% had a test for chlamydia.
CONCLUSION: These results indicate low rates of specific testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections in males who attend general practice with symptoms of epididymo-orchitis. There is a need for further research to understand the pattern of care delivered in general practice.},
language = {eng},
number = {579},
journal = {The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners},
author = {Nicholson, Amanda and Rait, Greta and Murray-Thomas, Tarita and Hughes, Gwenda and Mercer, Catherine H. and Cassell, Jackie},
month = oct,
year = {2010},
pmid = {20883615},
pmcid = {PMC2944950},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Chlamydia Infections, Chlamydia trachomatis, Databases, Factual, Electronic Health Records, Epidemiologic Methods, Epididymitis, Family Practice, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Orchitis, Young Adult},
pages = {e407--422}
}2009 (11)
Nonlinear measure of synchrony between blood oxygen saturation and heart rate from nocturnal pulse oximetry in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Alvarez, D., Hornero, R., Abásolo, D., del Campo, F., Zamarrón, C., & López, M. Physiological measurement, 30(9):967-82, 9, 2009.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex This study focuses on analysis of the relationship between changes in blood oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) and heart rate (HR) recordings from nocturnal pulse oximetry (NPO) in patients suspected of suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome. Two different analyses were developed: a classical frequency analysis based on the magnitude squared coherence (MSC) and a nonlinear analysis by means of a recently developed measure of synchrony, the cross-approximate entropy (cross-ApEn). A data set of 187 subjects was studied. We found significantly higher correlation and synchrony between oximetry signals from OSA positive patients compared with OSA negative subjects. We assessed the diagnostic ability to detect OSA syndrome of both the classical and nonlinear approaches by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses with tenfold cross-validation. The nonlinear measure of synchrony significantly improved the results obtained with classical MSC: 69.2% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity and 78.1% accuracy were reached with MSC, whereas 83.7% sensitivity, 84.3% specificity and 84.0% accuracy were obtained with cross-ApEn. Our results suggest that the use of nonlinear measures of synchrony could provide essential information from oximetry signals, which cannot be obtained with classical spectral analysis.
@article{
id = {8364c8e1-57a1-3484-94df-1bd37d5d7010},
title = {Nonlinear measure of synchrony between blood oxygen saturation and heart rate from nocturnal pulse oximetry in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Algorithms,Data Interpretation, Statistical,Entropy,Female,Heart Rate,Heart Rate: physiology,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Nonlinear Dynamics,Oximetry,Oxygen,Oxygen: blood,Polysomnography,ROC Curve,Reproducibility of Results,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive: blood,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive: physiopathology,Young Adult},
created = {2012-06-13T03:54:21.000Z},
pages = {967-82},
volume = {30},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696463},
month = {9},
accessed = {2010-08-14},
file_attached = {true},
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citation_key = {Alvarez2009b},
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abstract = {This study focuses on analysis of the relationship between changes in blood oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) and heart rate (HR) recordings from nocturnal pulse oximetry (NPO) in patients suspected of suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome. Two different analyses were developed: a classical frequency analysis based on the magnitude squared coherence (MSC) and a nonlinear analysis by means of a recently developed measure of synchrony, the cross-approximate entropy (cross-ApEn). A data set of 187 subjects was studied. We found significantly higher correlation and synchrony between oximetry signals from OSA positive patients compared with OSA negative subjects. We assessed the diagnostic ability to detect OSA syndrome of both the classical and nonlinear approaches by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses with tenfold cross-validation. The nonlinear measure of synchrony significantly improved the results obtained with classical MSC: 69.2% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity and 78.1% accuracy were reached with MSC, whereas 83.7% sensitivity, 84.3% specificity and 84.0% accuracy were obtained with cross-ApEn. Our results suggest that the use of nonlinear measures of synchrony could provide essential information from oximetry signals, which cannot be obtained with classical spectral analysis.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Alvarez, D and Hornero, R and Abásolo, D and del Campo, F and Zamarrón, C and López, M},
journal = {Physiological measurement},
number = {9}
}A new tool for assessing human movement: the Kinematic Assessment Tool. Culmer, P., R., Levesley, M., C., Mon-Williams, M., & Williams, J., H., G. Journal of neuroscience methods, 184(1):184-92, 10, 2009.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex The study of human behaviour ultimately requires the documentation of human movement. In some instances movements can be recorded through a simple button press on a computer input device. In other situations responses can be captured through questionnaire surveys. Nevertheless, there is a need within many neuroscience settings to capture how complex movements unfold over time (human kinematics). Current methods of measuring human kinematics range from accurate but multifarious laboratory configurations to portable but simplistic and time-consuming paper and pen methods. We describe a new system for recording the end-point of human movement that has the power of laboratory measures but the advantages of pen-and-paper tests: the Kinematic Assessment Tool. KAT provides a highly portable system capable of measuring human movement in configurable visual-spatial tasks. The usefulness of the system is shown in a study where 12 participants undertook a tracing and copying task using their preferred and non-preferred hand. The results show that it is possible to capture behaviour within complex tasks and quantify performance using objective measures automatically generated by the KAT system. The utility of these measures was indexed by our ability to distinguish the performance of the preferred and non-preferred hand using a single variable.
@article{
title = {A new tool for assessing human movement: the Kinematic Assessment Tool.},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adult,Biomechanical Phenomena,Computers,Hand,Humans,Motor Activity,Movement,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted,Software,Task Performance and Analysis,Time Factors,Young Adult},
pages = {184-92},
volume = {184},
websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016502700900404X},
month = {10},
day = {30},
id = {600e7210-e036-3377-96e3-b28cb73804c7},
created = {2016-01-20T15:47:53.000Z},
accessed = {2016-01-20},
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last_modified = {2017-03-16T06:19:45.131Z},
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authored = {true},
confirmed = {true},
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abstract = {The study of human behaviour ultimately requires the documentation of human movement. In some instances movements can be recorded through a simple button press on a computer input device. In other situations responses can be captured through questionnaire surveys. Nevertheless, there is a need within many neuroscience settings to capture how complex movements unfold over time (human kinematics). Current methods of measuring human kinematics range from accurate but multifarious laboratory configurations to portable but simplistic and time-consuming paper and pen methods. We describe a new system for recording the end-point of human movement that has the power of laboratory measures but the advantages of pen-and-paper tests: the Kinematic Assessment Tool. KAT provides a highly portable system capable of measuring human movement in configurable visual-spatial tasks. The usefulness of the system is shown in a study where 12 participants undertook a tracing and copying task using their preferred and non-preferred hand. The results show that it is possible to capture behaviour within complex tasks and quantify performance using objective measures automatically generated by the KAT system. The utility of these measures was indexed by our ability to distinguish the performance of the preferred and non-preferred hand using a single variable.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Culmer, Peter R and Levesley, Martin C and Mon-Williams, Mark and Williams, Justin H G},
journal = {Journal of neuroscience methods},
number = {1}
}Structured variability of muscle activations supports the minimal intervention principle of motor control. Valero-Cuevas, J, F., Venkadesan, M., & Todorov, E. Journal of neurophysiology, 102:59-68, 2009 Jul, 2009.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Numerous observations of structured motor variability indicate that the sensorimotor system preferentially controls task-relevant parameters while allowing task-irrelevant ones to fluctuate. Optimality models show that controlling a redundant musculo-skeletal system in this manner meets task demands while minimizing control effort. Although this line of inquiry has been very productive, the data are mostly behavioral with no direct physiological evidence on the level of muscle or neural activity. Furthermore, biomechanical coupling, signal-dependent noise, and alternative causes of trial-to-trial variability confound behavioral studies. Here we address those confounds and present evidence that the nervous system preferentially controls task-relevant parameters on the muscle level. We asked subjects to produce vertical fingertip force vectors of prescribed constant or time-varying magnitudes while maintaining a constant finger posture. We recorded intramuscular electromyograms (EMGs) simultaneously from all seven index finger muscles during this task. The experiment design and selective fine-wire muscle recordings allowed us to account for a median of 91% of the variance of fingertip forces given the EMG signals. By analyzing muscle coordination in the seven-dimensional EMG signal space, we find that variance-per-dimension is consistently smaller in the task-relevant subspace than in the task-irrelevant subspace. This first direct physiological evidence on the muscle level for preferential control of task-relevant parameters strongly suggest the use of a neural control strategy compatible with the principle of minimal intervention. Additionally, variance is nonnegligible in all seven dimensions, which is at odds with the view that muscle activation patterns are composed from a small number of synergies.
@article{ 71,
title = {Structured variability of muscle activations supports the minimal intervention principle of motor control.},
journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
volume = {102},
year = {2009},
month = {2009 Jul},
pages = {59-68},
abstract = {Numerous observations of structured motor variability indicate that the sensorimotor system preferentially controls task-relevant parameters while allowing task-irrelevant ones to fluctuate. Optimality models show that controlling a redundant musculo-skeletal system in this manner meets task demands while minimizing control effort. Although this line of inquiry has been very productive, the data are mostly behavioral with no direct physiological evidence on the level of muscle or neural activity. Furthermore, biomechanical coupling, signal-dependent noise, and alternative causes of trial-to-trial variability confound behavioral studies. Here we address those confounds and present evidence that the nervous system preferentially controls task-relevant parameters on the muscle level. We asked subjects to produce vertical fingertip force vectors of prescribed constant or time-varying magnitudes while maintaining a constant finger posture. We recorded intramuscular electromyograms (EMGs) simultaneously from all seven index finger muscles during this task. The experiment design and selective fine-wire muscle recordings allowed us to account for a median of 91% of the variance of fingertip forces given the EMG signals. By analyzing muscle coordination in the seven-dimensional EMG signal space, we find that variance-per-dimension is consistently smaller in the task-relevant subspace than in the task-irrelevant subspace. This first direct physiological evidence on the muscle level for preferential control of task-relevant parameters strongly suggest the use of a neural control strategy compatible with the principle of minimal intervention. Additionally, variance is nonnegligible in all seven dimensions, which is at odds with the view that muscle activation patterns are composed from a small number of synergies.},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Biological, Biomechanics, Electromyography, Female, Fingers, Humans, Male, Models, Movement, Muscle, Muscle Contraction, Muscle Strength, Posture, Principal Component Analysis, Psychomotor Performance, Skeletal, Time Factors, Young Adult},
issn = {0022-3077},
doi = {10.1152/jn.90324.2008},
url = {http://jn.physiology.org/content/102/1/59.long},
author = {Valero-Cuevas, Francisco J and Venkadesan, Madhusudhan and Todorov, Emanuel}
}The risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use of tranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia: a case-control study using the General Practice Research Database. Sundström, A., Seaman, H., Kieler, H., & Alfredsson, L. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 116(1):91--97, January, 2009.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether use of tranexamic acid is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). DESIGN: Nested case-control study. SETTING: Database study using the General Practice Research Database for the years 1992-1998. POPULATION: Women aged 15-49 years with a diagnosis of menorrhagia. METHODS: Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the risk for VTE associated with different drug treatments for menorrhagia, adjusting for confounders. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI. RESULTS: A total of 134 cases of VTE and 552 matched controls were identified. Recent use of tranexamic acid was scarce, yielding an adjusted odds ratio for VTE of 3.20 (95% CI 0.65-15.78). The use of mefenamic acid (ORadj 5.54 [95% CI 2.13-14.40]) or norethisterone (ORadj 2.41 [95% CI 1.00-5.78]) was associated with an increased risk of VTE, as was a recent--in relation to menorrhagia--diagnosis of anaemia or a haemoglobin value \textless11.5 g/dl (ORadj 2.23 [95% CI 1.02-4.86]). CONCLUSIONS: We found that tranexamic acid was associated with an increased risk of VTE, although the risk estimate did not reach statistical significance. Increased risks of VTE associated with other treatments for menorrhagia were observed. The increased risk of VTE observed with a diagnosis of anaemia--a proxy for more severe menorrhagia--suggests that menorrhagia could be a prothrombotic condition. The observed association between VTE, tranexamic acid and other treatments for menorrhagia may thus partly be explained by confounding by indication. The possibility that menorrhagia is itself a risk factor for VTE merits further investigation.
@article{sundstrom_risk_2009,
title = {The risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use of tranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia: a case-control study using the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
volume = {116},
issn = {1471-0528},
shorttitle = {The risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use of tranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia},
doi = {10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01926.x},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess whether use of tranexamic acid is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).
DESIGN: Nested case-control study.
SETTING: Database study using the General Practice Research Database for the years 1992-1998.
POPULATION: Women aged 15-49 years with a diagnosis of menorrhagia.
METHODS: Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the risk for VTE associated with different drug treatments for menorrhagia, adjusting for confounders.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted odds ratios with 95\% CI.
RESULTS: A total of 134 cases of VTE and 552 matched controls were identified. Recent use of tranexamic acid was scarce, yielding an adjusted odds ratio for VTE of 3.20 (95\% CI 0.65-15.78). The use of mefenamic acid (ORadj 5.54 [95\% CI 2.13-14.40]) or norethisterone (ORadj 2.41 [95\% CI 1.00-5.78]) was associated with an increased risk of VTE, as was a recent--in relation to menorrhagia--diagnosis of anaemia or a haemoglobin value {\textless}11.5 g/dl (ORadj 2.23 [95\% CI 1.02-4.86]).
CONCLUSIONS: We found that tranexamic acid was associated with an increased risk of VTE, although the risk estimate did not reach statistical significance. Increased risks of VTE associated with other treatments for menorrhagia were observed. The increased risk of VTE observed with a diagnosis of anaemia--a proxy for more severe menorrhagia--suggests that menorrhagia could be a prothrombotic condition. The observed association between VTE, tranexamic acid and other treatments for menorrhagia may thus partly be explained by confounding by indication. The possibility that menorrhagia is itself a risk factor for VTE merits further investigation.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology},
author = {Sundström, A. and Seaman, H. and Kieler, H. and Alfredsson, L.},
month = jan,
year = {2009},
pmid = {19016686},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency, Antifibrinolytic Agents, Databases, Factual, Epidemiologic Methods, Family Practice, Female, Humans, Menorrhagia, Middle Aged, Tranexamic Acid, Venous Thromboembolism, Young Adult},
pages = {91--97}
}The FHM1 mutation S218L: a severe clinical phenotype? A case report and review of the literature. Debiais, S., Hommet, C., Bonnaud, I., Barthez, M. A., Rimbaux, S., Riant, F., & Autret, A. Cephalalgia: An International Journal of Headache, 29(12):1337--1339, December, 2009.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare autosomal dominant subtype of migraine with aura that is characterized by motor weakness during attacks. FHM1 is associated with mutations in the CACNA1A gene located on chromosome 19. We report a severe, prolonged HM attack in a young pregnant patient who had the S218L FHM1. This CACNA1A mutation has been associated with HM, delayed cerebral oedema and coma following minor head trauma. The case history we report suggests a specific, severe phenotype and the co-occurrence of HM and epilepsy related to the S218L FHM1 mutation.
@article{ debiais_fhm1_2009,
title = {The {FHM}1 mutation {S}218L: a severe clinical phenotype? {A} case report and review of the literature},
volume = {29},
issn = {1468-2982},
shorttitle = {The {FHM}1 mutation {S}218L},
doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01884.x},
abstract = {Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare autosomal dominant subtype of migraine with aura that is characterized by motor weakness during attacks. FHM1 is associated with mutations in the CACNA1A gene located on chromosome 19. We report a severe, prolonged HM attack in a young pregnant patient who had the S218L FHM1. This CACNA1A mutation has been associated with HM, delayed cerebral oedema and coma following minor head trauma. The case history we report suggests a specific, severe phenotype and the co-occurrence of HM and epilepsy related to the S218L FHM1 mutation.},
language = {eng},
number = {12},
journal = {Cephalalgia: An International Journal of Headache},
author = {Debiais, S. and Hommet, C. and Bonnaud, I. and Barthez, M. A. and Rimbaux, S. and Riant, F. and Autret, A.},
month = {December},
year = {2009},
pmid = {19438926},
keywords = {Calcium Channels, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19, Female, Humans, Migraine with Aura, Mutation, Missense, Phenotype, Pregnancy, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult},
pages = {1337--1339}
}The origin and spread of a mumps epidemic: United kingdom, 2003-2006. Jick, H., Chamberlin, D. P., & Hagberg, K. W. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 20(5):656--661, September, 2009.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: The United Kingdom (UK) underwent a massive epidemic of mumps from 2003 through 2006. The origin and spread was mapped in 350 general practices that used office computers to contribute comprehensive medical information on approximately 3 million patients to the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). METHODS: The continuous 3-month cumulative incidence of mumps (2003-2006) was estimated by dividing the number of diagnosed cases of mumps each 3 months by the population at risk according to age, region, practice, and calendar time. The effect of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine was estimated by comparing vaccine exposure of those diagnosed with mumps and those who were not. RESULTS: There were 5683 cases of mumps recorded in the Database over the 4-year time period. As the Database represents about 5% of the UK population, we estimate that there were more than 100,000 cases of mumps diagnosed in the UK during these 4 years. The epidemic appears to have started in one practice in Wales in the first 6 months of 2003 and then spread slowly north and east, reaching a peak in 2005. Young adults aged 18-24 years were at the highest risk. There were 3 major MMR vaccination campaigns (1988-1989, 1997, and 2004-2005) that by 2006 provided more than 70% protection against mumps in children younger than 18 years of age. Protection was higher in those who had received 2 doses of the vaccine. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive program of medical information generated by selected general practitioners has provided a sound basis for the real-time recording of the origin, spread, and scope of an infectious disease.
@article{jick_origin_2009,
title = {The origin and spread of a mumps epidemic: {United} kingdom, 2003-2006},
volume = {20},
issn = {1531-5487},
shorttitle = {The origin and spread of a mumps epidemic},
doi = {10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181b056f5},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The United Kingdom (UK) underwent a massive epidemic of mumps from 2003 through 2006. The origin and spread was mapped in 350 general practices that used office computers to contribute comprehensive medical information on approximately 3 million patients to the General Practice Research Database (GPRD).
METHODS: The continuous 3-month cumulative incidence of mumps (2003-2006) was estimated by dividing the number of diagnosed cases of mumps each 3 months by the population at risk according to age, region, practice, and calendar time. The effect of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine was estimated by comparing vaccine exposure of those diagnosed with mumps and those who were not.
RESULTS: There were 5683 cases of mumps recorded in the Database over the 4-year time period. As the Database represents about 5\% of the UK population, we estimate that there were more than 100,000 cases of mumps diagnosed in the UK during these 4 years. The epidemic appears to have started in one practice in Wales in the first 6 months of 2003 and then spread slowly north and east, reaching a peak in 2005. Young adults aged 18-24 years were at the highest risk. There were 3 major MMR vaccination campaigns (1988-1989, 1997, and 2004-2005) that by 2006 provided more than 70\% protection against mumps in children younger than 18 years of age. Protection was higher in those who had received 2 doses of the vaccine.
CONCLUSION: A comprehensive program of medical information generated by selected general practitioners has provided a sound basis for the real-time recording of the origin, spread, and scope of an infectious disease.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)},
author = {Jick, Hershel and Chamberlin, Douglas P. and Hagberg, Katrina Wilcox},
month = sep,
year = {2009},
pmid = {19593154},
keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Epidemiologic Studies, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Immunization Programs, Male, Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine, Mumps, Population Surveillance, Young Adult},
pages = {656--661}
}Mortality associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drug treatment: a retrospective cohort study of children, adolescents and young adults using the general practice research database. McCarthy, S., Cranswick, N., Potts, L., Taylor, E., & Wong, I. C. K. Drug Safety, 32(11):1089--1096, 2009.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Following reports of sudden death in patients taking medication to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), this study aimed to identify cases of death in patients prescribed stimulants and atomoxetine and to determine any association between these and sudden death. METHOD: The UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD) was used to identify patients aged 2-21 years from 1 January 1993 to 30 June 2006 with a prescription for methylphenidate, dexamfetamine or atomoxetine. Patients were followed from the date of first prescription until whichever came first: date of death, transferred-out date, age \textgreater21 years or end of the study period. RESULTS: From a cohort of 18 637 patient-years, seven patients died. Cause of death was obtained for six of the patients. None were deemed to be cases of sudden death. Compared with a general population rate of sudden death in the literature, the worst-case scenario of one case of sudden death gave an incident rate ratio of 1.63 (95% CI 0.04, 9.71). Although it was not the primary outcome of the study, following reports of suicide in the cohort the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of suicide was calculated. Due to differences in the definition of suicide used for children and adults, patients were categorized into two age groups: 11-14 years and 15-21 years. The SMR for suicide for patients aged 11-14 years was 161.91 (95% CI 19.61, 584.88). The SMR for suicide for patients aged 15-21 years was 1.84 (95% CI 0.05, 10.25). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated no increase in the risk of sudden death associated with stimulants or atomoxetine. However, an increased risk of suicide was seen. Although we cannot exclude that the medications may contribute to the increased risk of suicide, there are other factors such as depression and antisocial behaviour that frequently co-exist with ADHD, which can also predispose to teenage suicide. Clinicians should identify patients at increased risk of cardiovascular events and identify those patients at increased risk of suicide, particularly males with co-morbid conditions, and monitor them appropriately.
@article{mccarthy_mortality_2009,
title = {Mortality associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ({ADHD}) drug treatment: a retrospective cohort study of children, adolescents and young adults using the general practice research database},
volume = {32},
issn = {0114-5916},
shorttitle = {Mortality associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ({ADHD}) drug treatment},
doi = {10.2165/11317630-000000000-00000},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Following reports of sudden death in patients taking medication to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), this study aimed to identify cases of death in patients prescribed stimulants and atomoxetine and to determine any association between these and sudden death.
METHOD: The UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD) was used to identify patients aged 2-21 years from 1 January 1993 to 30 June 2006 with a prescription for methylphenidate, dexamfetamine or atomoxetine. Patients were followed from the date of first prescription until whichever came first: date of death, transferred-out date, age {\textgreater}21 years or end of the study period.
RESULTS: From a cohort of 18 637 patient-years, seven patients died. Cause of death was obtained for six of the patients. None were deemed to be cases of sudden death. Compared with a general population rate of sudden death in the literature, the worst-case scenario of one case of sudden death gave an incident rate ratio of 1.63 (95\% CI 0.04, 9.71). Although it was not the primary outcome of the study, following reports of suicide in the cohort the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of suicide was calculated. Due to differences in the definition of suicide used for children and adults, patients were categorized into two age groups: 11-14 years and 15-21 years. The SMR for suicide for patients aged 11-14 years was 161.91 (95\% CI 19.61, 584.88). The SMR for suicide for patients aged 15-21 years was 1.84 (95\% CI 0.05, 10.25).
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated no increase in the risk of sudden death associated with stimulants or atomoxetine. However, an increased risk of suicide was seen. Although we cannot exclude that the medications may contribute to the increased risk of suicide, there are other factors such as depression and antisocial behaviour that frequently co-exist with ADHD, which can also predispose to teenage suicide. Clinicians should identify patients at increased risk of cardiovascular events and identify those patients at increased risk of suicide, particularly males with co-morbid conditions, and monitor them appropriately.},
language = {eng},
number = {11},
journal = {Drug Safety},
author = {McCarthy, Suzanne and Cranswick, Noel and Potts, Laura and Taylor, Eric and Wong, Ian C. K.},
year = {2009},
pmid = {19810780},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cause of Death, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Databases, Factual, Death, Sudden, Dextroamphetamine, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Methylphenidate, Propylamines, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Suicide, Young Adult},
pages = {1089--1096}
}Microsurgical treatment and functional outcomes of multi-segment intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Sun, J., Wang, Z., Li, Z., & Liu, B. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 16(5):666-71, Elsevier Ltd, 5, 2009.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex We aimed to prospectively analyze correlations between clinical features and histological classification of multi-segment intramedullary spinal cord tumors (MSICTs), and the extent of microsurgical resection and functional outcomes. Fifty-six patients with MSICTs underwent microsurgery for tumor removal using a posterior approach. The tumor was exposed through a dorsal myelotomy. Pre-operative and post-operative nervous function was scored using the Improved Japanese Orthopaedic Association (IJOA) grading system. Correlation analyses were performed between functional outcome (IJOA score) and histological features, age, tumor location, and the longitudinal extent of spinal cord involvement. The most frequently involved levels were the medullo cervical and the cervicothoracic regions (51.8%, 29/56) followed by the conus terminalis (26.8%, 15/56) and the thoracic region (14.3%, 8/56). Ependymoma was the most frequent MSICT type, seen in 22 of 56 patients (39%), followed by low grade astrocytoma (17 patients, 30%) and glioblastoma multiforme (3 patients, 5%). Gross total tumor removal was achieved in 33 cases (58%), subtotal resection in 4 (7%), and partial resection in 16 (28%). The histological classification of the tumor was the most important factor influencing the extent of surgical removal (chi2=22.17, p=0.00). The overall difference between pre-operative and post-operative neurological state was not significant (chi2=5.44, p=0.61). Thus, MSICTs were most commonly seen in the medullo cervical and cervicothoracic regions, with ependymoma and low grade astrocytoma the most common tumour types. We stress the importance of early microsurgical treatment for MSICTs while the patients do not have severe dysfunction.
@article{
title = {Microsurgical treatment and functional outcomes of multi-segment intramedullary spinal cord tumors.},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adult,Female,Humans,Laminectomy,Laminectomy: methods,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Magnetic Resonance Imaging: methods,Male,Microsurgery,Microsurgery: methods,Middle Aged,Neurologic Examination,Neurologic Examination: methods,Outcome Assessment (Health Care),Prospective Studies,Spinal Cord,Spinal Cord Neoplasms,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: classification,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: physiopathology,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: surgery,Spinal Cord: pathology,Spinal Cord: surgery,Young Adult},
pages = {666-71},
volume = {16},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19303302},
month = {5},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
id = {ebf21d66-0f6b-3387-8e3d-63e5b31a9e30},
created = {2014-10-27T20:46:58.000Z},
accessed = {2014-10-27},
file_attached = {true},
profile_id = {d4a749e1-410f-3c2d-bb47-9216071b48a9},
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last_modified = {2014-12-07T06:23:22.000Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {We aimed to prospectively analyze correlations between clinical features and histological classification of multi-segment intramedullary spinal cord tumors (MSICTs), and the extent of microsurgical resection and functional outcomes. Fifty-six patients with MSICTs underwent microsurgery for tumor removal using a posterior approach. The tumor was exposed through a dorsal myelotomy. Pre-operative and post-operative nervous function was scored using the Improved Japanese Orthopaedic Association (IJOA) grading system. Correlation analyses were performed between functional outcome (IJOA score) and histological features, age, tumor location, and the longitudinal extent of spinal cord involvement. The most frequently involved levels were the medullo cervical and the cervicothoracic regions (51.8%, 29/56) followed by the conus terminalis (26.8%, 15/56) and the thoracic region (14.3%, 8/56). Ependymoma was the most frequent MSICT type, seen in 22 of 56 patients (39%), followed by low grade astrocytoma (17 patients, 30%) and glioblastoma multiforme (3 patients, 5%). Gross total tumor removal was achieved in 33 cases (58%), subtotal resection in 4 (7%), and partial resection in 16 (28%). The histological classification of the tumor was the most important factor influencing the extent of surgical removal (chi2=22.17, p=0.00). The overall difference between pre-operative and post-operative neurological state was not significant (chi2=5.44, p=0.61). Thus, MSICTs were most commonly seen in the medullo cervical and cervicothoracic regions, with ependymoma and low grade astrocytoma the most common tumour types. We stress the importance of early microsurgical treatment for MSICTs while the patients do not have severe dysfunction.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Sun, Jianjun and Wang, Zhenyu and Li, Zhendong and Liu, Bin},
journal = {Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia},
number = {5}
}Investigating the association between neurocognition and psychosis in bipolar disorder: further evidence for the overlap with schizophrenia. Jabben, N., Arts, B., Krabbendam, L., & van Os, J. Bipolar Disorders, 11(2):166--177, March, 2009. 00041
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVES: In schizophrenia, a distinction is made between psychosis with developmental and cognitive impairment on the one hand and psychosis without developmental impairment and positive symptoms on the other. In this study, we investigated whether this model can be extended to bipolar disorder by testing the hypothesis that neurocognitive functioning is inversely related to positive psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder. METHODS: Neurocognitive functioning and psychopathology were assessed in (i) 76 patients with bipolar disorder, (ii) 39 of their healthy first-degree relatives, and (iii) 61 healthy controls. Cognitive performance of bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives was investigated, taking into account the possible moderating effect of the level of expression of psychosis in patients and relatives. RESULTS: Bipolar patients showed impaired cognitive performance on multiple cognitive domains, whereas performance of their relatives was comparable to that of controls. A history of psychotic symptoms in patients was suggestive of less likelihood of cognitive alterations in relatives, and the presence of subclinical psychotic symptoms within the group of relatives predicted better cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of similar psychosis-cognition associations in bipolar disorder as implied by the two pathways leading to nonaffective psychotic disorders suggests that this model might be extended to the continuum spanning affective and nonaffective psychosis. This is in line with the idea of a partially overlapping vulnerability to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and provides an explanation for the apparent differences in cognitive alterations in those at risk for the two disorders.
@article{jabben_investigating_2009,
title = {Investigating the association between neurocognition and psychosis in bipolar disorder: further evidence for the overlap with schizophrenia},
volume = {11},
issn = {1399-5618},
shorttitle = {Investigating the association between neurocognition and psychosis in bipolar disorder},
doi = {10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00663.x},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: In schizophrenia, a distinction is made between psychosis with developmental and cognitive impairment on the one hand and psychosis without developmental impairment and positive symptoms on the other. In this study, we investigated whether this model can be extended to bipolar disorder by testing the hypothesis that neurocognitive functioning is inversely related to positive psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder.
METHODS: Neurocognitive functioning and psychopathology were assessed in (i) 76 patients with bipolar disorder, (ii) 39 of their healthy first-degree relatives, and (iii) 61 healthy controls. Cognitive performance of bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives was investigated, taking into account the possible moderating effect of the level of expression of psychosis in patients and relatives.
RESULTS: Bipolar patients showed impaired cognitive performance on multiple cognitive domains, whereas performance of their relatives was comparable to that of controls. A history of psychotic symptoms in patients was suggestive of less likelihood of cognitive alterations in relatives, and the presence of subclinical psychotic symptoms within the group of relatives predicted better cognitive performance.
CONCLUSIONS: The finding of similar psychosis-cognition associations in bipolar disorder as implied by the two pathways leading to nonaffective psychotic disorders suggests that this model might be extended to the continuum spanning affective and nonaffective psychosis. This is in line with the idea of a partially overlapping vulnerability to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and provides an explanation for the apparent differences in cognitive alterations in those at risk for the two disorders.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {Bipolar Disorders},
author = {Jabben, Nienke and Arts, Baer and Krabbendam, Lydia and van Os, Jim},
month = mar,
year = {2009},
pmid = {19267699},
note = {00041 },
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Association, Attention, Bipolar Disorder, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Principal Component Analysis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotic Disorders, Reaction Time, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Young Adult},
pages = {166--177}
}Acute adult poisoning cases admitted to a university hospital in Tabriz, Iran. Islambulchilar, M., Islambulchilar, Z., & Kargar-Maher, M. H. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 28(4):185--190, April, 2009.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
The aim of our study was to investigate the etiological and demographical characteristics of acute adult poisoning cases admitted to a university hospital in Tabriz, Iran. This retrospective study was performed on 1342 poisoning admissions to a university hospital from 2003 to 2005, by data collection from the medical records of patients. Poisonings were 5.40% of the total admissions. There was a predominance of female patients (55.7%) compared to male patients (44.3%) with a female-to-male ratio of 1.2:1. Most poisonings occurred in the age range of 11-20 years (38.9%). Drugs were the most common cause of poisonings (60.8%). Among the drug poisonings, benzodiazepines (40.31%) were the most frequent agents, followed by antidepressants (31.98%). The seasonal distribution in poisoning patients suggested a peak in spring (28%) and summer (27.5%). In 9.8% of cases accidental and in 90.2% intentional poisonings were evident. Most suicide attempts were made by women (58.51%) and unmarried people (51.4%).The mean duration of hospitalization was 3.02 +/- 2.8 days. There were 28 (2.3%) deaths; the majority (13 cases) was due to pesticides. This was a university hospital-based study, so these results may not be representative of the general population. Despite this drawback, these data still provide important information on the characteristics of the poisoning in this part of Iran. To prevent such poisonings, the community education about the danger of central nervous system-acting drugs and reducing the exposure period of people to pesticides are recommended.
@article{islambulchilar_acute_2009,
title = {Acute adult poisoning cases admitted to a university hospital in {Tabriz}, {Iran}},
volume = {28},
issn = {1477-0903},
doi = {10.1177/0960327108099679},
abstract = {The aim of our study was to investigate the etiological and demographical characteristics of acute adult poisoning cases admitted to a university hospital in Tabriz, Iran. This retrospective study was performed on 1342 poisoning admissions to a university hospital from 2003 to 2005, by data collection from the medical records of patients. Poisonings were 5.40\% of the total admissions. There was a predominance of female patients (55.7\%) compared to male patients (44.3\%) with a female-to-male ratio of 1.2:1. Most poisonings occurred in the age range of 11-20 years (38.9\%). Drugs were the most common cause of poisonings (60.8\%). Among the drug poisonings, benzodiazepines (40.31\%) were the most frequent agents, followed by antidepressants (31.98\%). The seasonal distribution in poisoning patients suggested a peak in spring (28\%) and summer (27.5\%). In 9.8\% of cases accidental and in 90.2\% intentional poisonings were evident. Most suicide attempts were made by women (58.51\%) and unmarried people (51.4\%).The mean duration of hospitalization was 3.02 +/- 2.8 days. There were 28 (2.3\%) deaths; the majority (13 cases) was due to pesticides. This was a university hospital-based study, so these results may not be representative of the general population. Despite this drawback, these data still provide important information on the characteristics of the poisoning in this part of Iran. To prevent such poisonings, the community education about the danger of central nervous system-acting drugs and reducing the exposure period of people to pesticides are recommended.},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
journal = {Human \& Experimental Toxicology},
author = {Islambulchilar, M. and Islambulchilar, Z. and Kargar-Maher, M. H.},
month = apr,
year = {2009},
pmid = {19734268},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Antidotes, Child, Female, Hospitalization, Hospitals, University, Household Products, Humans, Iran, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Occupations, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Poisoning, Retrospective Studies, Seasons, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Suicide, Attempted, Therapeutic Irrigation, Young Adult},
pages = {185--190}
}Caffeine levels in beverages from Argentina's market: application to caffeine dietary intake assessment. Olmos, V., Bardoni, N., Ridolfi, A., S., & Villaamil Lepori, E., C. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment, 26(3):275-81, 3, 2009.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
The caffeine content of different beverages from Argentina's market was measured. Several brands of coffees, teas, mates, chocolate milks, soft and energy drinks were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection. The highest concentration level was found in short coffee (1.38 mg ml(-1)) and the highest amount per serving was found in instant coffee (95 mg per serving). A consumption study was also carried out among 471 people from 2 to 93 years of age to evaluate caffeine total dietary intake by age and to identify the sources of caffeine intake. The mean caffeine intake among adults was 288 mg day(-1) and mate was the main contributor to that intake. The mean caffeine intake among children of 10 years of age and under was 35 mg day(-1) and soft drinks were the major contributors to that intake. Children between 11 and 15 years old and teenagers (between 16 and 20 years) had caffeine mean intakes of 120 and 240 mg day(-1), respectively, and mate was the major contributor to those intakes. Drinking mate is a deep-rooted habit among Argentine people and it might be the reason for their elevated caffeine mean daily intake.
@article{
title = {Caffeine levels in beverages from Argentina's market: application to caffeine dietary intake assessment.},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Analysis of Variance,Argentina,Beverages,Beverages: analysis,Cacao,Cacao: chemistry,Caffeine,Caffeine: administration & dosage,Caffeine: analysis,Carbonated Beverages,Carbonated Beverages: analysis,Central Nervous System Stimulants,Central Nervous System Stimulants: administration,Central Nervous System Stimulants: analysis,Child,Child, Preschool,Coffee,Coffee: chemistry,Cross-Sectional Studies,Diet Surveys,Female,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Pregnancy,Questionnaires,Tea,Tea: chemistry,Young Adult},
pages = {275-81},
volume = {26},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19680899},
month = {3},
id = {04924fd0-36ea-3e16-9bc7-3a44806536f6},
created = {2015-06-19T12:52:56.000Z},
accessed = {2015-06-18},
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profile_id = {a0759483-03fa-3e0b-88ee-8f55266b3657},
group_id = {0e532975-1a47-38a4-ace8-4fe5968bcd72},
last_modified = {2015-06-19T12:52:56.000Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {The caffeine content of different beverages from Argentina's market was measured. Several brands of coffees, teas, mates, chocolate milks, soft and energy drinks were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection. The highest concentration level was found in short coffee (1.38 mg ml(-1)) and the highest amount per serving was found in instant coffee (95 mg per serving). A consumption study was also carried out among 471 people from 2 to 93 years of age to evaluate caffeine total dietary intake by age and to identify the sources of caffeine intake. The mean caffeine intake among adults was 288 mg day(-1) and mate was the main contributor to that intake. The mean caffeine intake among children of 10 years of age and under was 35 mg day(-1) and soft drinks were the major contributors to that intake. Children between 11 and 15 years old and teenagers (between 16 and 20 years) had caffeine mean intakes of 120 and 240 mg day(-1), respectively, and mate was the major contributor to those intakes. Drinking mate is a deep-rooted habit among Argentine people and it might be the reason for their elevated caffeine mean daily intake.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Olmos, V and Bardoni, N and Ridolfi, A S and Villaamil Lepori, E C},
journal = {Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment},
number = {3}
}2008 (1)
Cluster analysis of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology: identifying obsessive-compulsive disorder subtypes. Lochner, C., Hemmings, S. M. J., Kinnear, C. J., Nel, D., Hemmings, S. M. J., Seedat, S., Moolman-Smook, J. C., & Stein, D. J. The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 45(3):164–176, 2008. 00025
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous disorder. Different clinical subtypes may be characterized by differing pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment outcomes. METHODS: A cluster analysis was performed on 45 items of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Checklist (YBOCS-CL) for 261 patients with OCD. Cluster solutions emerging at different linkage distance levels, and the associations of identified clusters with demographic, clinical and relevant genetic variables, were investigated. RESULTS: A 6-cluster solution emerged at a linkage distance level of 1.5, and a 3-cluster solution emerged at a linkage distance level of 2.1. The 3 clusters in the latter solution were labeled I) Contamination / washing, II) Hoarding / symmetry / ordering, and III) Obsessional / checking. Increased Cluster III scores were associated with earlier age of OCD onset and the Met/Met (L/L) genotype of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism. CONCLUSION: The data here are consistent with previous work delineating the different symptom subtypes of OCD, also with previous work suggesting that the Met/Met (L/L) genotype of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism may be associated with anxiety symptoms, as well as with previous work suggesting that dopaminergic genes may be particularly important in early-onset OCD.
@article{lochner_cluster_2008,
title = {Cluster analysis of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology: identifying obsessive-compulsive disorder subtypes},
volume = {45},
issn = {0333-7308},
shorttitle = {Cluster analysis of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous disorder. Different clinical subtypes may be characterized by differing pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment outcomes.
METHODS: A cluster analysis was performed on 45 items of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Checklist (YBOCS-CL) for 261 patients with OCD. Cluster solutions emerging at different linkage distance levels, and the associations of identified clusters with demographic, clinical and relevant genetic variables, were investigated.
RESULTS: A 6-cluster solution emerged at a linkage distance level of 1.5, and a 3-cluster solution emerged at a linkage distance level of 2.1. The 3 clusters in the latter solution were labeled I) Contamination / washing, II) Hoarding / symmetry / ordering, and III) Obsessional / checking. Increased Cluster III scores were associated with earlier age of OCD onset and the Met/Met (L/L) genotype of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism.
CONCLUSION: The data here are consistent with previous work delineating the different symptom subtypes of OCD, also with previous work suggesting that the Met/Met (L/L) genotype of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism may be associated with anxiety symptoms, as well as with previous work suggesting that dopaminergic genes may be particularly important in early-onset OCD.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences},
author = {Lochner, Christine and Hemmings, Sian M. J. and Kinnear, Craig J. and Nel, Daan and Hemmings, Sian M. J. and Seedat, Soraya and Moolman-Smook, Johanna C. and Stein, Dan J.},
year = {2008},
pmid = {19398820},
note = {00025 },
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Catechol O-Methyltransferase, Cluster Analysis, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Genetic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Young Adult},
pages = {164--176},
}undefined (6)
Gamma-band activity reflects multisensory matching in working memory. Senkowski, D., Schneider, T. R., Tandler, F., & Engel, A. K. 198(2):363--372. 00016 PMID: 19458939
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
In real-world situations, the integration of sensory information in working memory (WM) is an important mechanism for the recognition of objects. Studies in single sensory modalities show that object recognition is facilitated if bottom-up inputs match a template held in WM, and that this effect may be linked to enhanced synchronization of neurons in the gamma-band (\textgreater30 Hz). Natural objects, however, frequently provide inputs to multiple sensory modalities. In this EEG study, we examined the integration of semantically matching or non-matching visual and auditory inputs using a delayed visual-to-auditory object-matching paradigm. In the event-related potentials (ERPs) triggered by auditory inputs, effects of semantic matching were observed after 120-170 ms at frontal and posterior regions, indicating WM-specific processing across modalities, and after 250-400 ms over medial-central regions, possibly reflecting the contextual integration of sensory inputs. Additionally, total gamma-band activity (GBA) with medial-central topography after 120-180 ms was larger for matching compared to non-matching trials. This demonstrates that multisensory matching in WM is reflected by GBA and that dynamic coupling of neural populations in this frequency range might be a crucial mechanism for integrative multisensory processes.
@article{ senkowski_gamma-band_2009,
title = {Gamma-band activity reflects multisensory matching in working memory},
volume = {198},
issn = {1432-1106},
doi = {10.1007/s00221-009-1835-0},
abstract = {In real-world situations, the integration of sensory information in working memory ({WM}) is an important mechanism for the recognition of objects. Studies in single sensory modalities show that object recognition is facilitated if bottom-up inputs match a template held in {WM}, and that this effect may be linked to enhanced synchronization of neurons in the gamma-band ({\textgreater}30 Hz). Natural objects, however, frequently provide inputs to multiple sensory modalities. In this {EEG} study, we examined the integration of semantically matching or non-matching visual and auditory inputs using a delayed visual-to-auditory object-matching paradigm. In the event-related potentials ({ERPs}) triggered by auditory inputs, effects of semantic matching were observed after 120-170 ms at frontal and posterior regions, indicating {WM}-specific processing across modalities, and after 250-400 ms over medial-central regions, possibly reflecting the contextual integration of sensory inputs. Additionally, total gamma-band activity ({GBA}) with medial-central topography after 120-180 ms was larger for matching compared to non-matching trials. This demonstrates that multisensory matching in {WM} is reflected by {GBA} and that dynamic coupling of neural populations in this frequency range might be a crucial mechanism for integrative multisensory processes.},
pages = {363--372},
number = {2},
journaltitle = {Experimental Brain Research},
shortjournal = {Exp Brain Res},
author = {Senkowski, Daniel and Schneider, Till R. and Tandler, Frithjof and Engel, Andreas K.},
date = {2009-09},
note = {00016 {PMID}: 19458939},
keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Auditory Perception, brain, Brain mapping, electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Young Adult},
file = {Senkowski et al_2009_Experimental Brain Research_Gamma-band activity reflects multisensory matching in working memory.pdf:files/1296/Senkowski et al_2009_Experimental Brain Research_Gamma-band activity reflects multisensory matching in working memory.pdf:application/pdf}
}Longitudinal assessment of femoral knee cartilage quality using contrast enhanced MRI (dGEMRIC) in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury--comparison with asymptomatic volunteers. Neuman, P., Tjörnstrand, J., Svensson, J., Ragnarsson, C., Roos, H., Englund, M., Tiderius, C. J., & Dahlberg, L. E. 19(8):977--983.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: In this observational longitudinal study we estimate knee joint cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, in patients with an acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, with or without a concomitant meniscus injury. METHODS: 29 knees (19 men/10 women) were prospectively examined by repeat delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC), approximately 3 weeks and 2.3±1.3 (range 4.5) years after the injury. We estimated the GAG content (T1Gd) in the central weight-bearing parts of the medial and lateral femoral cartilage and compared results with a reference cohort (n=24) with normal knees and no history of injury examined by dGEMRIC at one occasion previously. RESULTS: The healthy reference group had longer T1Gd values compared with the ACL-injured patients at follow-up both medially: 428±38 vs 363±61ms (P\textless0.0001) and laterally: 445±41 vs 396±48ms (P=0.0002). At follow-up T1Gd was lower in meniscectomized patients compared to those without a meniscectomy, both medially (-84ms, P=0.002) and laterally (-38ms, P=0.05). In the injured group, the medial femoral cartilage showed similar T1Gd at the two dGEMRIC investigations: 357±50 vs 363±61ms (P=0.57), whereas the lateral femoral cartilage T1Gd increased: 374±48 vs 396±48ms (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The general decrease in cartilage T1Gd in ACL-injured patients compared with references provide evidence for structural matrix GAG changes that seem more pronounced if a concomitant meniscal injury is present. The fact that post-traumatic OA commonly develops in ACL-injured patients, in particularly those with meniscectomy, suggests that shorter T1Gd may be an early biomarker for OA.
@article{neuman_longitudinal_2011,
title = {Longitudinal assessment of femoral knee cartilage quality using contrast enhanced {MRI} ({dGEMRIC}) in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury--comparison with asymptomatic volunteers},
volume = {19},
issn = {1522-9653},
doi = {10.1016/j.joca.2011.05.002},
abstract = {{OBJECTIVE}: In this observational longitudinal study we estimate knee joint cartilage glycosaminoglycan ({GAG}) content, in patients with an acute anterior cruciate ligament ({ACL}) injury, with or without a concomitant meniscus injury.
{METHODS}: 29 knees (19 men/10 women) were prospectively examined by repeat delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage ({dGEMRIC}), approximately 3 weeks and 2.3±1.3 (range 4.5) years after the injury. We estimated the {GAG} content (T1Gd) in the central weight-bearing parts of the medial and lateral femoral cartilage and compared results with a reference cohort (n=24) with normal knees and no history of injury examined by {dGEMRIC} at one occasion previously.
{RESULTS}: The healthy reference group had longer T1Gd values compared with the {ACL}-injured patients at follow-up both medially: 428±38 vs 363±61ms (P{\textless}0.0001) and laterally: 445±41 vs 396±48ms (P=0.0002). At follow-up T1Gd was lower in meniscectomized patients compared to those without a meniscectomy, both medially (-84ms, P=0.002) and laterally (-38ms, P=0.05). In the injured group, the medial femoral cartilage showed similar T1Gd at the two {dGEMRIC} investigations: 357±50 vs 363±61ms (P=0.57), whereas the lateral femoral cartilage T1Gd increased: 374±48 vs 396±48ms (P=0.04).
{CONCLUSIONS}: The general decrease in cartilage T1Gd in {ACL}-injured patients compared with references provide evidence for structural matrix {GAG} changes that seem more pronounced if a concomitant meniscal injury is present. The fact that post-traumatic {OA} commonly develops in {ACL}-injured patients, in particularly those with meniscectomy, suggests that shorter T1Gd may be an early biomarker for {OA}.},
pages = {977--983},
number = {8},
journaltitle = {Osteoarthritis and cartilage / {OARS}, Osteoarthritis Research Society},
shortjournal = {Osteoarthr. Cartil.},
author = {Neuman, P. and Tjörnstrand, J. and Svensson, J. and Ragnarsson, C. and Roos, H. and Englund, M. and Tiderius, C. J. and Dahlberg, L. E.},
date = {2011-08},
pmid = {21621622},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Cartilage, Articular, Case-Control Studies, Contrast Media, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gadolinium {DTPA}, Glycosaminoglycans, Humans, Joint Diseases, Knee Joint, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic resonance imaging, Male, Young Adult}
}Population-wide incidence estimates for soft tissue knee injuries presenting to healthcare in southern Sweden: data from the Skane Healthcare Register. Peat, G., Bergknut, C., Frobell, R., Joud, A., & Englund, M. 16(4):R162.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
INTRODUCTION: Soft tissue knee injury is a well-established and potent risk factor for development of knee osteoarthritis. However, there is a paucity of epidemiological data from the general population. Our aim was to estimate the annual person-level incidence for a wide spectrum of clinically diagnosed soft tissue knee injuries, and their distribution by age, sex, and season. METHODS: In Sweden, in- and outpatient health care is registered using each individuals' unique personal identifier including International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 diagnostic code(s) as determined by physicians' clinical examination. For the calendar years 2004-2012, we studied the population in southern Sweden, Skane region (approx. 1.3 million). We identified residents who had at least one visit to a physician with clinically diagnosed knee ligament, meniscal, or other soft-tissue injury (S80.0, S83 and all subdiagnoses). We then calculated the mean annual incidence over the 9-year period. As a secondary objective, we investigated potential seasonal variation. RESULTS: The annual incidence for males and females was 766 (95% CI: 742, 789) and 676 (649, 702) per 100,000 persons/year respectively. For males and females, the peak rate occurred in 15 to 19 year-olds (1698 per 100,000 men and 1464 per 100,000 women, respectively). In women, rates were lowest in the 25 to 34 year-old age range before rising again between the ages of 35 and 49 years. We found substantial seasonal variation, greatest in men, with peaks in March-May and August-October. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of clinically diagnosed soft-tissue knee injury peaks in adolescence and emerging adulthood. However, a range of knee injuries continue to occur across the adult lifespan including at ages when osteoarthritis is typically diagnosed and managed. The potential cumulative effect on osteoarthritis progression of these injuries may warrant further investigation.
@article{peat_population-wide_2014,
title = {Population-wide incidence estimates for soft tissue knee injuries presenting to healthcare in southern Sweden: data from the Skane Healthcare Register.},
volume = {16},
issn = {1478-6362 1478-6354},
doi = {10.1186/ar4678},
abstract = {{INTRODUCTION}: Soft tissue knee injury is a well-established and potent risk factor for development of knee osteoarthritis. However, there is a paucity of epidemiological data from the general population. Our aim was to estimate the annual person-level incidence for a wide spectrum of clinically diagnosed soft tissue knee injuries, and their distribution by age, sex, and season. {METHODS}: In Sweden, in- and outpatient health care is registered using each individuals' unique personal identifier including International Classification of Diseases ({ICD}) 10 diagnostic code(s) as determined by physicians' clinical examination. For the calendar years 2004-2012, we studied the population in southern Sweden, Skane region (approx. 1.3 million). We identified residents who had at least one visit to a physician with clinically diagnosed knee ligament, meniscal, or other soft-tissue injury (S80.0, S83 and all subdiagnoses). We then calculated the mean annual incidence over the 9-year period. As a secondary objective, we investigated potential seasonal variation. {RESULTS}: The annual incidence for males and females was 766 (95\% {CI}: 742, 789) and 676 (649, 702) per 100,000 persons/year respectively. For males and females, the peak rate occurred in 15 to 19 year-olds (1698 per 100,000 men and 1464 per 100,000 women, respectively). In women, rates were lowest in the 25 to 34 year-old age range before rising again between the ages of 35 and 49 years. We found substantial seasonal variation, greatest in men, with peaks in March-May and August-October. {CONCLUSIONS}: The incidence of clinically diagnosed soft-tissue knee injury peaks in adolescence and emerging adulthood. However, a range of knee injuries continue to occur across the adult lifespan including at ages when osteoarthritis is typically diagnosed and managed. The potential cumulative effect on osteoarthritis progression of these injuries may warrant further investigation.},
pages = {R162},
number = {4},
journaltitle = {Arthritis research \& therapy},
shortjournal = {Arthritis Res Ther},
author = {Peat, George and Bergknut, Charlotte and Frobell, Richard and Joud, Anna and Englund, Martin},
date = {2014},
pmid = {25082600},
pmcid = {PMC4262192},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Female, Humans, Incidence, Knee Injuries/*epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Registries, Seasons, Sex Distribution, Soft Tissue Injuries/*epidemiology, Sweden/epidemiology, Young Adult}
}Predictors of work disability during the first 3 years after diagnosis in a national rheumatoid arthritis inception cohort. Olofsson, T., Petersson, I. F., Eriksson, J. K., Englund, M., Simard, J. F., Nilsson, J., Geborek, P., Jacobsson, L. T. H., Askling, J., & Neovius, M. 73(5):845--853.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of sick leave and disability pension in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Individuals aged 19-59 years diagnosed with early RA (\textless/=12 months symptom duration) were identified in the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (1999-2007; n=3029). We retrieved days of sick leave and disability pension from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency and baseline predictors of total work days lost during 3 years after RA diagnosis were investigated using linear regression. Due to effect modification by baseline work ability (defined as work days lost the month before diagnosis), analyses were stratified into three categories: full=0 work days lost the month before diagnosis; partial=1-29 work days lost; and none=30 work days lost. RESULTS: 71% of patients with full baseline work ability still had full work ability after 3 years compared with 36% (p\textless0.001) and 18% (p\textless0.001) of those with partial and no work ability at baseline, respectively. Elevated baseline levels of HAQ and DAS28, higher age, lower education level and unemployment were associated with more work days lost during 3 years in all strata of baseline work ability (all p\textless0.05). In a separate analysis, more objective variables (ESR, CRP and swollen joints) were not. Generally, the largest regression coefficients were seen for patients with partial baseline work ability. CONCLUSIONS: Work ability at RA diagnosis was the most important predictor of 3-year sick leave and disability pension. Taking this into account, HAQ, DAS28, age and education level were also significant predictors, whereas ESR and CRP were not.
@article{olofsson_predictors_2014,
title = {Predictors of work disability during the first 3 years after diagnosis in a national rheumatoid arthritis inception cohort.},
volume = {73},
issn = {1468-2060 0003-4967},
doi = {10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202911},
abstract = {{OBJECTIVE}: To identify predictors of sick leave and disability pension in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis ({RA}). {METHODS}: Individuals aged 19-59 years diagnosed with early {RA} ({\textless}/=12 months symptom duration) were identified in the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (1999-2007; n=3029). We retrieved days of sick leave and disability pension from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency and baseline predictors of total work days lost during 3 years after {RA} diagnosis were investigated using linear regression. Due to effect modification by baseline work ability (defined as work days lost the month before diagnosis), analyses were stratified into three categories: full=0 work days lost the month before diagnosis; partial=1-29 work days lost; and none=30 work days lost. {RESULTS}: 71\% of patients with full baseline work ability still had full work ability after 3 years compared with 36\% (p{\textless}0.001) and 18\% (p{\textless}0.001) of those with partial and no work ability at baseline, respectively. Elevated baseline levels of {HAQ} and {DAS}28, higher age, lower education level and unemployment were associated with more work days lost during 3 years in all strata of baseline work ability (all p{\textless}0.05). In a separate analysis, more objective variables ({ESR}, {CRP} and swollen joints) were not. Generally, the largest regression coefficients were seen for patients with partial baseline work ability. {CONCLUSIONS}: Work ability at {RA} diagnosis was the most important predictor of 3-year sick leave and disability pension. Taking this into account, {HAQ}, {DAS}28, age and education level were also significant predictors, whereas {ESR} and {CRP} were not.},
pages = {845--853},
number = {5},
journaltitle = {Annals of the rheumatic diseases},
shortjournal = {Ann Rheum Dis},
author = {Olofsson, Tor and Petersson, Ingemar F. and Eriksson, Jonas K. and Englund, Martin and Simard, Julia F. and Nilsson, Jan-Ake and Geborek, Pierre and Jacobsson, Lennart T. H. and Askling, Johan and Neovius, Martin},
date = {2014-05},
pmid = {23520035},
keywords = {*Arthritis, Rheumatoid, *Disability Evaluation, Adolescent, Adult, Cohort Studies, Disease Activity, Early Rheumatoid Arthritis, {EPIDEMIOLOGY}, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outcomes research, Pensions, Sick Leave/*statistics \& numerical data, Sweden, Young Adult}
}Prevalence of spondyloarthritis and its subtypes in southern Sweden. Haglund, E., Bremander, A. B., Petersson, I. F., Strömbeck, B., Bergman, S., Jacobsson, L. T. H., Turkiewicz, A., Geborek, P., & Englund, M. 70(6):943--948.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of spondyloarthritis and its subtypes. METHODS: The Swedish healthcare organisation comprises a system where all inpatient and outpatient care is registered by a personal identifier. For the calendar years 2003-7, all residents aged ≥ 15 years in the southernmost county of Sweden (1.2 million inhabitants) diagnosed by a physician with spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), inflammatory arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (Aa-IBD) or undifferentiated spondylarthritis (USpA)) were identified. To obtain valid point estimates of prevalence by the end of 2007, identification numbers were cross-referenced with the population register to exclude patients who had died or relocated. RESULTS: The authors estimated the prevalence of spondyloarthritis (not including chronic reactive arthritis) as 0.45% (95% CI 0.44% to 0.47%). The mean (SD) age of patients with prevalent spondyloarthritis by the end of 2007 was 53 (15) years. Among the component subtypes, PsA accounted for 54% of cases, AS 21.4%, USpA 17.8% and Aa-IBD 2.3% with a prevalence of 0.25%, 0.12%, 0.10% and 0.015%, respectively. The remaining 6.4% had some form of combination of spondyloarthritis diagnoses. The prevalence of spondyloarthritis at large was about the same in men and women. However, the subtype PsA was more prevalent in women and AS was more prevalent in men. CONCLUSION: In Sweden the prevalence of spondyloarthritis leading to a doctor consultation is not much lower than rheumatoid arthritis. PsA was the most frequent subtype followed by AS and USpA, and the two most frequent subtypes PsA and AS also display some distinct sex patterns.
@article{haglund_prevalence_2011,
title = {Prevalence of spondyloarthritis and its subtypes in southern Sweden},
volume = {70},
issn = {1468-2060},
doi = {10.1136/ard.2010.141598},
abstract = {{OBJECTIVE}: To estimate the prevalence of spondyloarthritis and its subtypes.
{METHODS}: The Swedish healthcare organisation comprises a system where all inpatient and outpatient care is registered by a personal identifier. For the calendar years 2003-7, all residents aged ≥ 15 years in the southernmost county of Sweden (1.2 million inhabitants) diagnosed by a physician with spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis ({AS}), psoriatic arthritis ({PsA}), inflammatory arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (Aa-{IBD}) or undifferentiated spondylarthritis ({USpA})) were identified. To obtain valid point estimates of prevalence by the end of 2007, identification numbers were cross-referenced with the population register to exclude patients who had died or relocated.
{RESULTS}: The authors estimated the prevalence of spondyloarthritis (not including chronic reactive arthritis) as 0.45\% (95\% {CI} 0.44\% to 0.47\%). The mean ({SD}) age of patients with prevalent spondyloarthritis by the end of 2007 was 53 (15) years. Among the component subtypes, {PsA} accounted for 54\% of cases, {AS} 21.4\%, {USpA} 17.8\% and Aa-{IBD} 2.3\% with a prevalence of 0.25\%, 0.12\%, 0.10\% and 0.015\%, respectively. The remaining 6.4\% had some form of combination of spondyloarthritis diagnoses. The prevalence of spondyloarthritis at large was about the same in men and women. However, the subtype {PsA} was more prevalent in women and {AS} was more prevalent in men.
{CONCLUSION}: In Sweden the prevalence of spondyloarthritis leading to a doctor consultation is not much lower than rheumatoid arthritis. {PsA} was the most frequent subtype followed by {AS} and {USpA}, and the two most frequent subtypes {PsA} and {AS} also display some distinct sex patterns.},
pages = {943--948},
number = {6},
journaltitle = {Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases},
shortjournal = {Ann. Rheum. Dis.},
author = {Haglund, E. and Bremander, A. B. and Petersson, I. F. and Strömbeck, B. and Bergman, S. and Jacobsson, L. T. H. and Turkiewicz, A. and Geborek, P. and Englund, M.},
date = {2011-06},
pmid = {21288961},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Age Distribution, Arthritis, Psoriatic, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Distribution, Spondylarthritis, Spondylitis, Ankylosing, Sweden, Young Adult}
}Prevalence and incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in southern Sweden 2008 and their relation to prescribed biologics. Englund, M., Joud, A., Geborek, P., Felson, D. T., Jacobsson, L. T., & Petersson, I. F. 49(8):1563--1569.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVES: To gain updated estimates of prevalence and incidence of RA and proportion on biological treatment in southern Sweden. METHODS: Inpatient and outpatient health care provided to residents in the southernmost county of Sweden (1.2 million inhabitants) is registered in the Skane Health Care Register (SHCR). We identified residents aged \textgreater or = 20 years who had received a diagnosis of RA at least twice during 2003-08. Valid point prevalence estimates by 31 December 2008 were obtained by linkage to the Swedish population register, and information on biological treatment was obtained from the South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group register. We also tested our estimates of RA occurrence in a series of sensitivity analyses to investigate the effect of altered case criteria and the uncertainty generated by clinical visits without diagnoses. RESULTS: The prevalence of RA in adults was estimated to 0.66% (women = 0.94%, men = 0.37%). The prevalence peaked at age 70-79 years (women = 2.1%, men = 1.1%) before dropping in those aged \textgreater or = 80 years. Of prevalent cases, 20% had ongoing biological treatment, a percentage that was highest in women aged 40-49 years (36%). The incidence of RA in 2008 was estimated as 50/100,000 (women = 68/100,000, men = 32/100,000). CONCLUSIONS: When compared with a previous report from southern Sweden, the prevalence of RA seems not to have declined in the last decade. The proportion of patients with ongoing biological treatment was slightly higher in women than men. SHCR data are promising additions to other methods to gain frequency estimates of clinically important disease in a timely and cost-efficient manner.
@article{englund_prevalence_2010,
title = {Prevalence and incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in southern Sweden 2008 and their relation to prescribed biologics.},
volume = {49},
issn = {1462-0332 1462-0324},
doi = {10.1093/rheumatology/keq127},
abstract = {{OBJECTIVES}: To gain updated estimates of prevalence and incidence of {RA} and proportion on biological treatment in southern Sweden. {METHODS}: Inpatient and outpatient health care provided to residents in the southernmost county of Sweden (1.2 million inhabitants) is registered in the Skane Health Care Register ({SHCR}). We identified residents aged {\textgreater} or = 20 years who had received a diagnosis of {RA} at least twice during 2003-08. Valid point prevalence estimates by 31 December 2008 were obtained by linkage to the Swedish population register, and information on biological treatment was obtained from the South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group register. We also tested our estimates of {RA} occurrence in a series of sensitivity analyses to investigate the effect of altered case criteria and the uncertainty generated by clinical visits without diagnoses. {RESULTS}: The prevalence of {RA} in adults was estimated to 0.66\% (women = 0.94\%, men = 0.37\%). The prevalence peaked at age 70-79 years (women = 2.1\%, men = 1.1\%) before dropping in those aged {\textgreater} or = 80 years. Of prevalent cases, 20\% had ongoing biological treatment, a percentage that was highest in women aged 40-49 years (36\%). The incidence of {RA} in 2008 was estimated as 50/100,000 (women = 68/100,000, men = 32/100,000). {CONCLUSIONS}: When compared with a previous report from southern Sweden, the prevalence of {RA} seems not to have declined in the last decade. The proportion of patients with ongoing biological treatment was slightly higher in women than men. {SHCR} data are promising additions to other methods to gain frequency estimates of clinically important disease in a timely and cost-efficient manner.},
pages = {1563--1569},
number = {8},
journaltitle = {Rheumatology (Oxford, England)},
shortjournal = {Rheumatology (Oxford)},
author = {Englund, Martin and Joud, Anna and Geborek, Pierre and Felson, David T. and Jacobsson, Lennart T. and Petersson, Ingemar F.},
date = {2010-08},
pmid = {20444855},
keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy/*epidemiology/physiopathology, Biological Products/*therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Registries, Sweden/epidemiology, Young Adult}
}